Maxwell Jessica H, Grandis Jennifer R, Ferris Robert L
Department of Otolaryngology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC 20007; email:
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; email:
Annu Rev Med. 2016;67:91-101. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-051914-021907. Epub 2015 Aug 26.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a recently identified causative agent for a subset of head and neck cancers, primarily in the oropharynx, and is largely responsible for the rising worldwide incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Patients with HPV-positive OPC have distinct risk factor profiles and generally have a better prognosis than patients with traditional, HPV-negative, head and neck cancer. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation is a widely accepted primary treatment modality for many patients with HPV-positive OPC. However, recent advances in surgical modalities, including transoral laser and robotic surgery, have led to the reemergence of primary surgical treatment for HPV-positive patients. Clinical trials are under way to determine optimal treatment strategies for the growing subset of patients with HPV-positive OPC. Similarly, identifying those patients with HPV-positive cancer who are at risk for recurrence and poor survival is critical in order to tailor individual treatment regimens and avoid potential undertreatment.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是最近确定的一部分头颈癌的致病因素，主要是口咽癌，并且在很大程度上导致了全球口咽癌（OPC）发病率的上升。HPV阳性的OPC患者具有不同的风险因素特征，总体预后通常比传统的HPV阴性头颈癌患者更好。同步放化疗是许多HPV阳性OPC患者广泛接受的主要治疗方式。然而，包括经口激光手术和机器人手术在内的手术方式的最新进展，导致HPV阳性患者再次采用手术作为主要治疗手段。目前正在进行临床试验，以确定针对不断增加的HPV阳性OPC患者亚组的最佳治疗策略。同样，识别那些有复发风险和生存不佳风险的HPV阳性癌症患者，对于制定个体化治疗方案和避免潜在的治疗不足至关重要。
