Johnson Pieter T J, de Roode Jacobus C, Fenton Andy
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1259504. doi: 10.1126/science.1259504.
Infectious diseases often emerge from interactions among multiple species and across nested levels of biological organization. Threats as diverse as Ebola virus, human malaria, and bat white-nose syndrome illustrate the need for a mechanistic understanding of the ecological interactions underlying emerging infections. We describe how recent advances in community ecology can be adopted to address contemporary challenges in disease research. These analytical tools can identify the factors governing complex assemblages of multiple hosts, parasites, and vectors, and reveal how processes link across scales from individual hosts to regions. They can also determine the drivers of heterogeneities among individuals, species, and regions to aid targeting of control strategies. We provide examples where these principles have enhanced disease management and illustrate how they can be further extended.
传染病通常源于多个物种之间以及生物组织嵌套层次之间的相互作用。像埃博拉病毒、人类疟疾和蝙蝠白鼻综合征等各种各样的威胁表明，有必要从机制上理解新发感染背后的生态相互作用。我们描述了如何采用群落生态学的最新进展来应对疾病研究中的当代挑战。这些分析工具可以识别控制多个宿主、寄生虫和媒介复杂组合的因素，并揭示从个体宿主到区域的跨尺度过程是如何联系的。它们还可以确定个体、物种和区域之间异质性的驱动因素，以帮助确定控制策略的目标。我们提供了这些原则加强疾病管理的实例，并说明了它们如何能够进一步扩展。
