Porter Todd D
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
Lipids. 2015 Oct;50(10):927-36. doi: 10.1007/s11745-015-4065-1. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
Cholesterol synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum requires electron input at multiple steps and utilizes both NADH and NADPH as the electron source. Four enzymes catalyzing five steps in the pathway require electron input: squalene monooxygenase, lanosterol demethylase, sterol 4α-methyl oxidase, and sterol C5-desaturase. The electron-donor proteins for these enzymes include cytochrome P450 reductase and the cytochrome b5 pathway. Here I review the evidence for electron donor protein requirements with these enzymes, the evidence for additional electron donor pathways, and the effect of deletion of these redox enzymes on cholesterol and lipid metabolism.
内质网中的胆固醇合成在多个步骤需要电子输入，并利用NADH和NADPH作为电子源。催化该途径中五个步骤的四种酶需要电子输入：鲨烯单加氧酶、羊毛甾醇脱甲基酶、甾醇4α-甲基氧化酶和甾醇C5-去饱和酶。这些酶的电子供体蛋白包括细胞色素P450还原酶和细胞色素b5途径。在此，我综述了这些酶对电子供体蛋白需求的证据、其他电子供体途径的证据，以及这些氧化还原酶缺失对胆固醇和脂质代谢的影响。
