Calogiuri Giovanna, Nordtug Hildegunn, Weydahl Andi
1 Department of Dental Care and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway.
2 Department of Landscape Architecture and Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
Percept Mot Skills. 2015 Oct;121(2):350-70. doi: 10.2466/06.PMS.121c17x0. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
According to attention-restoration theory (ART), natural environments can provide restorative experiences. In this pilot study, a mixed-methods approach was used to examine the potential of using exercise in a natural environment to enhance exercise behaviors. The study included an assessment study and an intervention study (overall n = 19). The participants underwent a standardized exercise program including biking and circuit strength training, either indoors or outdoors in nature. Measurements included connectedness to nature, perceived exertion, perceived environmental restorativeness, enjoyment, affect, future exercise intention, and self-reported exercise behavior. The participants also wrote a brief text describing the way in which the environment influenced their feelings while exercising. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation and linear mixed-effects modeling. The qualitative information was analyzed thematically. The integrated results indicated that, in accordance with ART, exercising in nature was associated with a greater potential for restoration and affective responses, which in some participants led to enhanced intention to exercise and increased exercise behavior. However, some perceived that the indoor exercise provided a more effective workout. Further studies on larger samples are needed.
根据注意力恢复理论（ART），自然环境可以提供恢复性体验。在这项试点研究中，采用了混合方法来检验在自然环境中进行锻炼以增强锻炼行为的潜力。该研究包括一项评估研究和一项干预研究（总样本量n = 19）。参与者接受了标准化的锻炼计划，包括骑自行车和循环力量训练，训练地点要么在室内，要么在户外自然环境中。测量内容包括与自然的联系、感知到的运动强度、感知到的环境恢复力、愉悦感、情绪、未来的锻炼意图以及自我报告的锻炼行为。参与者还写了一段简短的文字，描述环境在他们锻炼时对其感受的影响方式。使用斯皮尔曼等级相关性和线性混合效应模型对定量数据进行了分析。对定性信息进行了主题分析。综合结果表明，根据注意力恢复理论，在自然环境中锻炼与更大的恢复潜力和情感反应相关，这在一些参与者中导致锻炼意图增强和锻炼行为增加。然而，一些人认为室内锻炼提供了更有效的锻炼效果。需要对更大样本进行进一步研究。
