Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 17;20(3):1669. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031669.
A growing body of research is exploring the potential added health benefits of exercise when performed outdoors in nature versus indoors. This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of exercise in outdoor environments versus indoor environments on psychological health, physical health, and physical activity behaviour. We searched nine databases from inception to March 2021 for English language, peer-reviewed articles: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, GreenFile, and CENTRAL. We included randomized and non-randomized trials that compared multiple bouts of exercise in outdoor versus indoor environments, and that assessed at least one outcome related to physical health, psychological health, or physical activity behaviour. Due to minimal outcome overlap and a paucity of studies, we performed a narrative synthesis. We identified 10 eligible trials, including 7 randomized controlled trials, and a total of 343 participants. Participant demographics, exercise protocols, and outcomes varied widely. In the 10 eligible studies, a total of 99 comparisons were made between outdoor and indoor exercise; all 25 statistically significant comparisons favoured outdoor exercise. Interpretation of findings was hindered by an overall high risk of bias, unclear reporting, and high outcome heterogeneity. There is limited evidence for added health or behaviour benefits of outdoor exercise versus indoor exercise. Rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed with larger samples and clear reporting.
越来越多的研究探索了在户外自然环境中进行运动与在室内进行运动相比对心理健康、身体健康和身体活动行为的潜在附加健康益处。本系统评价旨在比较户外环境与室内环境中运动对心理健康、身体健康和身体活动行为的影响。我们从九个数据库（从创建到 2021 年 3 月）中搜索了英文同行评审文章：MEDLINE、Embase、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL、SportsDiscus、GreenFile 和 CENTRAL。我们纳入了比较户外与室内环境中多次运动的随机和非随机试验，并且评估了至少一个与身体健康、心理健康或身体活动行为相关的结果。由于结果重叠较少且研究较少，我们进行了叙述性综合分析。我们确定了 10 项合格的试验，包括 7 项随机对照试验，共有 343 名参与者。参与者的人口统计学特征、运动方案和结果差异很大。在 10 项合格的研究中，总共进行了 99 次户外和室内运动之间的比较；所有 25 次具有统计学意义的比较都有利于户外运动。由于整体偏倚风险高、报告不明确和结果异质性高，发现的解释受到阻碍。与室内运动相比，户外运动对健康或行为的额外益处的证据有限。需要进行严格的随机对照试验，样本量更大，报告更明确。
