Lewis Philip M, Rosenfeld Jeffrey V
Monash Vision Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Level 1 Old Baker Building, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Monash Vision Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Level 1 Old Baker Building, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University Central Clinical School, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
Brain Res. 2016 Jan 1;1630:208-24. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.038. Epub 2015 Sep 5.
Rapid advances are occurring in neural engineering, bionics and the brain-computer interface. These milestones have been underpinned by staggering advances in micro-electronics, computing, and wireless technology in the last three decades. Several cortically-based visual prosthetic devices are currently being developed, but pioneering advances with early implants were achieved by Brindley followed by Dobelle in the 1960s and 1970s. We have reviewed these discoveries within the historical context of the medical uses of electricity including attempts to cure blindness, the discovery of the visual cortex, and opportunities for cortex stimulation experiments during neurosurgery. Further advances were made possible with improvements in electrode design, greater understanding of cortical electrophysiology and miniaturisation of electronic components. Human trials of a new generation of prototype cortical visual prostheses for the blind are imminent. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Hold Item.
神经工程、仿生学和脑机接口正在迅速发展。过去三十年来，微电子、计算和无线技术取得了惊人的进步，为这些里程碑式的进展提供了支撑。目前正在开发几种基于皮层的视觉假体装置，但早期植入的开创性进展是由布林德利在20世纪60年代取得的，随后多贝尔在20世纪70年代也取得了进展。我们在电的医学应用的历史背景下回顾了这些发现，包括治疗失明的尝试、视觉皮层的发现以及神经外科手术中皮层刺激实验的机会。电极设计的改进、对皮层电生理学的更深入理解以及电子元件的小型化使得进一步的进展成为可能。针对盲人的新一代皮层视觉假体的人体试验即将进行。本文是名为“保留项目”的特刊的一部分。
