Mtshali B F, Mokwena K, Oguntibeju O O
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Sciences, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa.
School of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa.
West Indian Med J. 2015 Mar;64(2):117-25. doi: 10.7727/wimj.2011.222. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
Regular physical activity has long been regarded as an important component of a healthy lifestyle. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is one of the major problems interfering with the performance of exercise. A warm-up exercise programme has been cited as a non-pharmacologic means of reducing EIA, but its effect has not been fully elucidated.
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of unrecognized EIA in Pretoria primary school children, determine the effect of a warm-up exercise programme on EIA and to establish the relationship between history of allergy, family history of asthma and EIA.
A random sample of 640 school children was selected. The study was divided into three phases. In phase one, a descriptive cross-sectional study was done using the standardized European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire. In phase two, non-asthmatic participants that returned a completed questionnaire were included in the field study. Pre-test and post-test experimental designs were used, where peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured at baseline and within ten minutes after exercise. A total of 340 subjects completed the Free Running Asthma Screening Test (FRAST); EIA was defined as a decrease in baseline PEFR ≥ 10% after exercise and 75 children (22%) had EIA. In phase three, 29 of the 75 subjects participated in the warm-up programme which was performed in the laboratory and subjects acted as their own controls. Predefined protocols for the study were followed.
Seventy-five (22%) of the 340 participants had EIA. The mean age, height and weight were 10.51 years, 139.26 cm and 33.45 kg, respectively. Exercise-induced asthma symptoms were cough (25%), chest pain (16%), wheeze (12%) and chest tightness (12%). The history of allergy was 75%, family history of allergy 40% and positive history of allergy when near animals, feathers or in dusty areas 38%. Wheezing during or after exercise, wheezing when near animals, feathers or in dusty areas and chest pain was significant (p < 0.05). The mean PEFR after exercise without warm-up was 4.43 L/min. The mean PEFR after exercise (warm-up) was 4.98. The mean percentage change in PEFR between exercise without warm-up and exercise with warm-up was 14.83%. The paired t-test showed a significant difference between PEFR with warm-up and PEFR without warm-up (p < 0.05).
There was a high prevalence of EIA among study participants. Exercise-induced asthma symptoms were significant for wheezing and chest pain. Exercise after warm-up was significant in reducing EIA. This study reports the effect of warm-up exercise on EIA and highlights the need to screen school children for EIA.
长期以来，规律的体育活动一直被视为健康生活方式的重要组成部分。运动诱发哮喘（EIA）是影响运动表现的主要问题之一。热身运动计划被认为是一种减轻运动诱发哮喘的非药物方法，但其效果尚未完全阐明。
本研究旨在确定比勒陀利亚小学生中未被识别的运动诱发哮喘的患病率，确定热身运动计划对运动诱发哮喘的影响，并确定过敏史、哮喘家族史与运动诱发哮喘之间的关系。
选取640名学童的随机样本。该研究分为三个阶段。在第一阶段，使用标准化的欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查（ECRHS）问卷进行描述性横断面研究。在第二阶段，完成问卷的非哮喘参与者被纳入现场研究。采用测试前和测试后实验设计，在基线和运动后十分钟内测量呼气峰值流速（PEFR）。共有340名受试者完成了自由跑步哮喘筛查测试（FRAST）；运动诱发哮喘定义为运动后基线PEFR下降≥10%，75名儿童（22%）患有运动诱发哮喘。在第三阶段，75名受试者中的29名参加了在实验室进行的热身计划，受试者作为自身对照。遵循研究的预定义方案。
340名参与者中有75名（22%）患有运动诱发哮喘。平均年龄、身高和体重分别为10.51岁、139.26厘米和33.45千克。运动诱发哮喘症状包括咳嗽（25%）、胸痛（16%）、喘息（12%）和胸闷（12%）。过敏史为75%，过敏家族史为40%，在接触动物、羽毛或灰尘区域时的过敏阳性史为38%。运动期间或运动后喘息、接触动物、羽毛或灰尘区域时喘息以及胸痛具有显著性（p<0.05）。未进行热身运动后的平均PEFR为4.43升/分钟。热身运动后的平均PEFR为4.98。未进行热身运动与进行热身运动后的PEFR平均变化百分比为14.83%。配对t检验显示热身运动后的PEFR与未进行热身运动后的PEFR之间存在显著差异（p<0.05）。
研究参与者中运动诱发哮喘的患病率较高。运动诱发哮喘症状在喘息和胸痛方面较为显著。热身运动后进行运动对减轻运动诱发哮喘具有显著作用。本研究报告了热身运动对运动诱发哮喘的影响，并强调了对学童进行运动诱发哮喘筛查的必要性。
