Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 Feb;40(2):229-38. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.178. Epub 2015 Sep 14.
Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus and it also results in an increased risk of giving birth to a large baby with increased fat mass. Furthermore, it is also contributes to an increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring in childhood, adolescence and adult life. It has been proposed that exposure to maternal obesity may therefore result in an 'intergenerational cycle' of obesity and insulin resistance. There is significant interest in whether exposure to maternal obesity around the time of conception alone contributes directly to poor metabolic outcomes in the offspring and whether dieting in the obese mother before pregnancy or around the time of conception has metabolic benefits for the offspring. This review focusses on experimental and clinical studies that have investigated the specific impact of exposure to maternal obesity during the periconceptional period alone or extending beyond conception on adipogenesis, lipogenesis and on insulin signalling pathways in the fat, liver and muscle of the offspring. Findings from these studies highlight the need for a better evidence base for the development of dietary interventions in obese women before pregnancy and around the time of conception to maximize the metabolic benefits and minimize the metabolic costs for the next generation.
母亲肥胖与妊娠糖尿病风险增加有关，并且还会增加生出体脂过多的巨大儿的风险。此外，它还会增加后代在儿童期、青春期和成年期肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的风险。有人提出，暴露于母体肥胖可能会导致肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的“代际循环”。人们非常关注的是，仅仅在受孕时接触母体肥胖是否会直接导致后代代谢不良，以及肥胖母亲在怀孕前或受孕时是否节食对后代有代谢益处。这篇综述重点介绍了实验和临床研究，这些研究调查了仅在受孕前或受孕后暴露于母体肥胖对后代脂肪、肝脏和肌肉中的脂肪生成、脂肪生成和胰岛素信号通路的具体影响。这些研究结果强调了需要更好的证据基础来制定肥胖女性在怀孕前和受孕时的饮食干预措施，以最大限度地提高代谢益处，最小化下一代的代谢成本。
