加利福尼亚州食肉和食腐鸟类的死亡原因及意外中毒情况
Causes of mortality and unintentional poisoning in predatory and scavenging birds in California.
作者信息
Kelly Terra R, Poppenga Robert H, Woods Leslie A, Hernandez Yvette Z, Boyce Walter M, Samaniego Francisco J, Torres Steve G, Johnson Christine K
机构信息
Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California , USA.
California Animal Health Food and Safety Laboratory System , University of California , Davis, California , USA.
出版信息
Vet Rec Open. 2014 Nov 12;1(1):e000028. doi: 10.1136/vropen-2014-000028. eCollection 2014.
OBJECTIVES
We documented causes of mortality in an opportunistic sample of golden eagles, turkey vultures and common ravens, and assessed exposure to several contaminants that have been found in carrion and common prey for these species.
METHODS
Dead birds were submitted for testing through wildlife rehabilitation centres and a network of wildlife biologists in California from 2007 to 2009.
RESULTS
The leading causes of mortality in this study were collision-related trauma (63 per cent), lead intoxication (17 per cent) and anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning (8 per cent). Elevated liver lead concentration (≥2 µg/g) and bone lead concentration (>6 µg/g) were detected in 25 and 49 per cent of birds tested, respectively. Approximately 84 per cent of birds tested had detectable rodenticide residues. The majority of rodenticide exposure occurred in peri-urban areas, suggesting that retail sale and use of commensal rodent baits, particularly in residential and semi-residential areas in California, may provide a pathway of exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Monitoring anthropogenic causes of mortality in predatory and scavenging bird species provides important data needed to inform on mitigation and regulatory efforts aimed at reducing threats to these populations.
目的
我们记录了金雕、红头美洲鹫和普通乌鸦机会性样本中的死亡原因，并评估了这些物种在腐肉和常见猎物中所发现的几种污染物的暴露情况。
方法
2007年至2009年期间，死亡鸟类通过野生动物康复中心和加利福尼亚州的野生动物生物学家网络提交进行检测。
结果
本研究中的主要死亡原因是与碰撞相关的创伤（63%）、铅中毒（17%）和抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒（8%）。分别在25%和49%的检测鸟类中检测到肝脏铅浓度升高（≥2微克/克）和骨骼铅浓度升高（>6微克/克）。约84%的检测鸟类含有可检测到的灭鼠剂残留。大多数灭鼠剂暴露发生在城市周边地区，这表明零售销售和使用用于杀灭家栖鼠类的诱饵，特别是在加利福尼亚州的居民区和半居民区使用，可能提供了一条暴露途径。
结论
监测猛禽和食腐鸟类的人为死亡原因可提供重要数据以指导旨在减少对这些种群威胁的缓解和监管工作。
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