1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.
2 Sachs Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Jan 15;193(2):171-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201505-0928OC.
Exposure to air pollution during infancy has been related to lung function decrements in 8-year-old children, but whether the negative effects remain into adolescence is unknown.
To investigate the relationship between long-term air pollution exposure and lung function up to age 16 years.
A total of 2,278 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE (Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiological Survey) performed spirometry at age 16 years. Levels of outdoor air pollution from local road traffic were estimated (nitrogen oxides [NOx] and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm [PM10]) for residential, daycare, and school addresses during the lifetime using dispersion modeling. Associations between exposure in different time windows and spirometry indexes were analyzed by linear regression and mixed effect models.
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution during the first year of life was associated with FEV1 at age 16 years of -15.8 ml (95% confidence interval [CI], -33.6 to 2.0 for a 10 μg/m(3) difference in NOx), predominately in males (-30.4 ml; 95% CI, -59.1 to -1.7), and in subjects not exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy or infancy. Later exposures appeared to have had an additional negative effect. High exposure during the first year of life was also associated with odds ratios for FEV1 and FVC less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) (defined as a z-score < -1.64 SD) of 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-10.9) and of 4.3 (95% CI, 1.2-15.0), respectively. The results for PM10 were similar to those for NOx.
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution in infancy is negatively associated with FEV1 at age 16 years, leading to increased risk of clinically important deficits.
婴儿期接触空气污染与 8 岁儿童肺功能下降有关，但尚不清楚这些负面影响是否会持续到青春期。
研究长期暴露于空气污染与 16 岁时肺功能的关系。
共有 2278 名来自瑞典出生队列 BAMSE（儿童、过敏、环境、斯德哥尔摩、流行病学调查）的儿童在 16 岁时进行了肺活量测定。使用扩散模型估算了一生中居住、日托和学校地址的室外空气污染物（氮氧化物[NOx]和空气动力学直径<10μm的颗粒物[PM10]）水平。通过线性回归和混合效应模型分析了不同时间窗暴露与肺活量指标之间的关系。
生命第一年接触交通相关空气污染与 16 岁时的 FEV1 呈负相关，差异为 10μg/m3时为-15.8ml（95%置信区间，-33.6 至 2.0），主要发生在男性（-30.4ml；95%置信区间，-59.1 至-1.7），且在怀孕期间或婴儿期未接触母亲吸烟的人群中。后期暴露似乎有额外的负面影响。生命第一年高暴露也与 FEV1 和 FVC 低于正常值下限（LLN）（定义为 z 评分<-1.64 SD）的比值比相关，分别为 3.8（95%置信区间，1.3-10.9）和 4.3（95%置信区间，1.2-15.0）。PM10 的结果与 NOx 相似。
婴儿期接触交通相关空气污染与 16 岁时的 FEV1 呈负相关，导致临床上重要的缺陷风险增加。
