Hanć Tomasz, Słopień Agnieszka, Wolańczyk Tomasz, Szwed Anita, Czapla Zbigniew, Durda Magdalena, Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika, Ratajczak Joanna
1 Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań, Poland .
2 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań, Poland .
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015 Nov;25(9):691-700. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0157. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
Previous studies have associated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with growth deviations and obesity. However, available data regarding the growth of children with ADHD in their early childhood are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether there are differences in body size between preschool boys with and without ADHD.
The study used cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal data concerning 112 boys with ADHD and a community-based sample of 308 boys without ADHD. The groups were homogeneous in terms of socioeconomic status, place of residence, term of birth, and birth weight. The average age of diagnosis was 8.3 years, and none of boys had been treated with stimulants before they were 7 years of age. Comparisons were made at the ages of 2, 4, and 6 years, for World Health Organization (WHO)-norm-standardized height, weight, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity. Separate analysis were made for the cross-sectional measurements of current body size.
Boys with ADHD at the age of 2 had significantly lower z scores for weight (t=-1.98, p=0.04) and BMI (t=-2.09, p=0.04), and at the age of 4 for weight (t=-2.05, p=0.04) than the boys from the control group. A significantly lower percentage of overweight/obesity was observed in boys with ADHD at the age of 2 in comparison with the control group. At the age of 6, boys with ADHD were underweight more often. Cross-sectional analysis of current body size showed that boys with ADHD had lower z scores for height (t=-3.08, p=0.002) and higher z scores (t=3.13, p=0.002) for BMI. Overweight was more frequent in this group.
Preschool boys with ADHD (age of 2-6 years) have a tendency toward lower body weight than their peers. But in subsequent phases of development, they are shorter and more frequently overweight than boys without ADHD, when place of residence, socioeconomic status, term of birth, birth weight, comorbid conditions, and treatment are controlled.
以往研究已将注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与生长发育偏差及肥胖联系起来。然而，关于ADHD儿童幼儿期生长发育的现有数据并不充分。因此，我们旨在研究患ADHD和未患ADHD的学龄前男孩在体型方面是否存在差异。
本研究使用了有关112名患ADHD男孩以及308名未患ADHD男孩的社区样本的横断面和回顾性纵向数据。两组在社会经济地位、居住地点、出生孕周和出生体重方面具有同质性。诊断的平均年龄为8.3岁，且所有男孩在7岁之前均未接受过兴奋剂治疗。对2岁、4岁和6岁时的身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）、体重过轻、超重和肥胖患病率进行了比较，这些数据均按照世界卫生组织（WHO）标准进行了标准化。对当前体型的横断面测量进行了单独分析。
2岁时，患ADHD的男孩体重（t=-1.98，p=0.04）和BMI（t=-2.09，p=0.04）的z评分显著低于对照组男孩。与对照组相比，2岁时患ADHD的男孩超重/肥胖的比例显著更低。6岁时，患ADHD的男孩体重过轻的情况更为常见。当前体型的横断面分析显示，患ADHD的男孩身高z评分较低（t=-3.08，p=0.002），BMI的z评分较高（t=3.13，p=0.002）。该组超重情况更为频繁。
2至6岁患ADHD的学龄前男孩比同龄人有体重偏低的倾向。但在随后的发育阶段，在控制了居住地点、社会经济地位、出生孕周、出生体重、合并症和治疗等因素后，他们比未患ADHD的男孩更矮，超重情况也更频繁。
