Wolmer Leo, Hamiel Daniel, Versano-Eisman Tali, Slone Michelle, Margalit Nitzan, Laor Nathaniel
Donald J. Cohen & Irving B. Harris Resilience Center, Israel.
School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Israel.
J Trauma Stress. 2015 Oct;28(5):441-7. doi: 10.1002/jts.22040. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
Preschool children are among the most vulnerable populations to adversity. This study described the effects of 4 weeks of daily exposure to rocket attacks on children living on Israel's southern border. Participants enrolled in this study were 122 preschool children (50% boys) between the ages 3 and 6 years from 10 kindergartens. We assessed mothers' report of children's symptoms according to the DSM-IV and alternative criteria resembling the DSM-5 criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general adaptation, traumatic exposure, and stressful life events 3 months after the war. The prevalence of PTSD was lower when the diagnosis was derived from the DSM-IV (4%) than from the DSM-5 criteria (14%). Mothers of children with 4 or more stressful life events reported more functional impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning compared to children with 0 or 1 stressful life event. Children with more severe exposure showed more severe symptoms and mothers had more concerns about the child's functioning (η(p)(2) = .09-.25). Stressful life events and exposure to traumatic experiences accounted for 32% of the variance in PTSD and 19% of the variance in the adaptation scale. Results were explored in terms of risk and resilience factors.
学龄前儿童是最易受逆境影响的人群之一。本研究描述了以色列南部边境地区儿童连续4周每天遭受火箭弹袭击的影响。参与本研究的是来自10所幼儿园的122名3至6岁的学龄前儿童（50%为男孩）。我们在战争结束3个月后，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）以及类似于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、一般适应、创伤暴露和应激性生活事件的替代标准，评估了母亲报告的儿童症状。当根据DSM-IV进行诊断时，PTSD的患病率（4%）低于根据DSM-5标准的患病率（14%）。与经历0次或1次应激性生活事件的儿童相比，经历4次或更多应激性生活事件的儿童的母亲报告其在社交、职业和其他重要功能领域的功能损害更大。暴露程度越严重的儿童症状越严重，母亲对孩子功能的担忧也越多（η(p)(2)=.09-.25）。应激性生活事件和创伤经历的暴露占PTSD变异的32%，占适应量表变异的19%。从风险和复原力因素方面对结果进行了探讨。
