Laus Maria Fernanda, Costa Telma Maria Braga, Almeida Sebastião Sousa
Laboratory of Nutrition and Behavior, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.
Nutrition Course, University of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirania, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo 14096-000, Brazil.
Eat Behav. 2015 Dec;19:159-62. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.09.003. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the accuracy of body size estimation and body dissatisfaction among Brazilian undergraduates and their relationships with perceptions of the ideal body silhouettes that would be selected by same-gender and opposite-gender peers. A total of 159 undergraduates (79 males) from a public University in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, participated in the study. They completed a Figure Rating Scale and indicated the figure that best describes the size of their own body (actual), their desired body, the body they judged would be ideal to same-gender peers, and the body they judged would be ideal to opposite-gender peers. The results showed that women were less precise in estimating their actual size and more dissatisfied. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) that was selected as “current” by women was significantly higher than their desired and ideal BMIs, whereas the mean BMIs that were selected by men were practically the same. Men and women selected ideal silhouettes for their own gender that were the same as those that were selected as ideal by the opposite gender. The mean BMIs that were actually chosen by men and women as desired and ideal were closer to the upper end of normal weight and lower end of overweight, respectively. Such results contradict what has been assumed to be a normative characteristic of men and women in several countries, raising some doubts regarding the role of beliefs about judgments of the opposite gender in the development of body image disturbances.
本研究的目的是调查巴西大学生在身体尺寸估计准确性和身体不满方面的性别差异，以及它们与对同性和异性同龄人会选择的理想身体轮廓认知之间的关系。来自巴西圣保罗里贝朗普雷图一所公立大学的159名本科生（79名男性）参与了这项研究。他们完成了一份体型评定量表，并指出最能描述自己身体尺寸（实际）、理想身体、他们认为对同性同龄人来说理想的身体以及他们认为对异性同龄人来说理想的身体的图形。结果表明，女性在估计自己的实际尺寸时不太准确，且更不满意。女性选择的作为“当前”的平均体重指数（BMI）显著高于她们的理想和期望BMI，而男性选择的平均BMI实际上是相同的。男性和女性为自己性别选择的理想轮廓与被异性选为理想的轮廓相同。男性和女性实际选择的作为期望和理想的平均BMI分别更接近正常体重的上限和超重的下限。这些结果与几个国家对男性和女性的规范性特征的假设相矛盾，引发了人们对关于异性判断的信念在身体形象障碍发展中的作用的一些质疑。
