Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, South Korea.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2016 Jan 15;301:424-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
A growing body of evidence shows that the effectiveness of in-situ activated carbon (AC) amendment to treat hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediments can be reliably predicted using a mass transfer modeling approach. This study analyzes available field data for characterizing AC-sediment distribution after mechanical mixing of AC into sediment. Those distributions are used to develop an HOC mass transfer model that accounts for plausible heterogeneities resulting from mixing of AC into sediment. The model is applied to ten field sites in the U.S. and Europe with 2-3 representative HOCs from each site using site- and HOC-specific model parameters collected from the literature. The model predicts that the AC amendment reduces the pore-water HOC concentrations by more than 95% fifteen years after AC deployment for 18 of the 25 total simulated cases when the AC is applied at doses of 1.5 times sediment total organic carbon content with an upper limit of 5 dry wt%. The predicted effectiveness shows negative correlation with the HOC octanol-water partitioning coefficients and the sediment-water distribution coefficients, and positive correlation with the effectiveness calculated based on equilibrium coefficients of sediment and AC, suggesting the possibility for use of the values for screening-level assessments.
越来越多的证据表明，采用质量传递模型方法可以可靠地预测原位活性炭（AC）改良剂处理沉积物中疏水性有机污染物（HOCs）的效果。本研究分析了可用的现场数据，以描述 AC 机械混合到沉积物中后 AC-沉积物的分布情况。这些分布情况用于开发 HOC 质量传递模型，该模型考虑了由于 AC 与沉积物混合而产生的合理非均质性。该模型应用于美国和欧洲的十个现场，每个现场使用 2-3 种代表性的 HOC，使用从文献中收集的现场和 HOC 特定的模型参数。当 AC 以 1.5 倍沉积物总有机碳含量（上限为 5 干重%）投加时，模型预测在 AC 投加 15 年后，对于 25 个模拟案例中的 18 个案例，AC 改良剂将减少 95%以上的孔隙水 HOC 浓度。预测的效果与 HOC 的辛醇-水分配系数和沉积物-水分配系数呈负相关，与基于沉积物和 AC 的平衡系数计算的效果呈正相关，这表明可能可以使用这些值进行筛选水平评估。
