Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Crop Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;542(Pt B):1144-54. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.025. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
Fermentation residues from biogas production are known as valuable organic fertilisers. This study deals with the effect of cattle slurry, co-digested cattle slurry, co-digested energy crops and mineral fertilisers on the activity and composition of soil microbiota. Furthermore, the effect of solid-liquid separation as a common pre-treatment of digestate was tested. The fertilising effects were analysed in an 8-week pot experiment on loamy sand using two crops, Amaranthus cruentus and Sorghum bicolor. Amaranth, as a crop with significantly higher P uptake, triggered stress for occurring soil microbes and thereby caused a reduction of microbial biomass C in the soil. Irrespective of the crop, microbial basal respiration and metabolic quotient were higher with the digestates than with the untreated slurry or the mineral treatments. Community level physiological profiles with MicroResp showed considerable differences among the treatments, with particularly strong effects of solid-liquid separation. Similar results were also found on a structural level (PCR-DGGE). Alkaline phosphatase gene analyses revealed high sensitivity to different fertilisation regimes.
沼气生产的发酵残余物是一种有价值的有机肥料。本研究主要探讨了牛粪、混合牛粪、混合能源作物和矿物肥料对土壤微生物群落活性和组成的影响。此外，还测试了固液分离作为一种常见的消化物预处理方法的效果。采用两种作物——苋菜和高粱，在壤土砂质土壤上进行了为期 8 周的盆栽实验，分析了施肥效果。苋菜作为一种磷吸收量明显较高的作物，对土壤微生物产生了胁迫作用，从而导致土壤微生物生物量 C 减少。无论使用哪种作物，与未处理的粪肥或矿物处理相比，消化物处理的微生物基础呼吸和代谢商更高。使用 MicroResp 进行的群落水平生理图谱分析显示，处理之间存在明显差异，特别是固液分离的影响更为强烈。在结构水平（PCR-DGGE）上也得到了类似的结果。碱性磷酸酶基因分析表明，不同的施肥方式对其具有高度的敏感性。
