Welck M J, Hayes T, Pastides P, Khan W, Rudge B
Speciality Registrar Trauma & Orthopaedics, West Herts NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
Core Surgical Trainee, West Herts NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
Injury. 2017 Aug;48(8):1722-1726. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.06.015. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
Stress fractures occur as a result of microscopic injuries sustained when bone is subjected to repeated submaximal stresses. Overtime, with repeated cycles of loading, accumulation of such injuries can lead to macro-structural failure and frank fracture. There are numerous stress fractures about the foot and ankle of which a trauma and orthopaedic surgeon should be aware. These include: metatarsal, tibia, calcaneus, navicular, fibula, talus, medial malleolus, sesamoid, cuneiform and cuboid. Awareness of these fractures is important as the diagnosis is frequently missed and appropriate treatment delayed. Late identification can be associated with protracted pain and disability, and may predispose to non-union and therefore necessitate operative intervention. This article outlines the epidemiology and risk factors, aetiology, presentation and management of the range of stress fractures in the foot and ankle.
应力性骨折是由于骨骼反复承受亚最大应力而遭受微观损伤所致。随着时间的推移，在反复加载的循环过程中，此类损伤的积累会导致宏观结构破坏和明显骨折。足部和踝关节存在众多应力性骨折，创伤与骨科外科医生对此应有所了解。这些骨折包括：跖骨、胫骨、跟骨、舟骨、腓骨、距骨、内踝、籽骨、楔骨和骰骨。了解这些骨折很重要，因为其诊断常常被漏诊，恰当治疗也会被延误。延迟诊断可能会导致长期疼痛和残疾，并可能引发骨折不愈合，进而需要手术干预。本文概述了足部和踝关节各种应力性骨折的流行病学、危险因素、病因、临床表现及治疗方法。
