Molecular cytogenetic identification and phenotypic description of a new synthetic amphiploid, (AAGGAA).

A recently developed synthetic amphiploid, Kost., nom. nud. (2n = 6x = 42, AAGGAA) is described in the present study. This hexaploid taxon was developed by colchicine treatment in Martonvásár from the hybrid of a selected accession of Zhuk. (2n = 4x = 28, AAGG) and a prebred semi-dwarf line of L. (2n = 2x = 14, AA). A detailed cytomolecular examination was carried out using the sequential multicolour fluorescence and genomic hybridization techniques (FISH and mcGISH). It was proved that has 42 chromosomes originating from its parents. The chromosomes of the A genomes of and could be distinguished in the amphiploid using FISH. The successful discrimination of the chromosomes was supported by the karyotypes of the three genomes and the successful optimization of the mcGISH technique for the A and G chromosomes achieved in the present study. A phenotypic evaluation was also carried out under natural and artificial growing conditions in 2012 and 2013. Based on the results, has intermediate characteristics in terms of spike (spikelet) shape and plant height, while it is similar to the female parent, regarding pubescence. Like its parents, showed outstanding resistance to the main fungal diseases of wheat. headed later and developed longer and looser spikes, fewer tillers and only a third as many seeds than its parents. The third generation of was able to develop an acceptable number of seeds, even taking into account the reduced germination ability in the field.