Skitarelić Neven, Mladina Ranko
Neven Skitarelić, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital Zadar, Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.
World J Methodol. 2015 Sep 26;5(3):144-8. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.144.
Structured training in endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery (EESS) and skull base surgery is essential considering serious potential complications. We have developed a detailed concept on training these surgical skills on the lamb's head. This simple and extremely cheap model offers the possibility of training even more demanding and advanced procedures in human endonasal endoscopic surgery such as: frontal sinus surgery, orbital decompression, cerebrospinal fluid-leak repair followed also by the naso-septal flap, etc. Unfortunately, the sphenoid sinus surgery cannot be practiced since quadrupeds do not have this sinus. Still, despite this anatomical limitation, it seems that the lamb's head can be very useful even for the surgeons already practicing EESS, but in a limited edition because of a lack of the experience and dexterity. Only after gaining the essential surgical skills of this demanding field it makes sense to go for the expensive trainings on the human cadaveric model.
考虑到鼻内镜鼻窦手术（EESS）和颅底手术存在严重的潜在并发症，结构化培训至关重要。我们已经开发出一套在羊头上训练这些手术技能的详细方案。这种简单且极其便宜的模型为训练人类鼻内镜手术中更复杂、更高级的操作提供了可能，例如：额窦手术、眼眶减压、脑脊液漏修补术以及鼻中隔瓣修复术等。遗憾的是，由于四足动物没有蝶窦，所以无法进行蝶窦手术训练。即便如此，尽管存在这一解剖学限制，但对于已经在进行EESS手术的外科医生而言，羊头模型似乎仍非常有用，不过由于缺乏经验和灵活性，其用途有限。只有在掌握了这个高要求领域的基本手术技能之后，再去进行昂贵的人体尸体模型培训才有意义。
