Syverud Brian C, Lee Jonah D, VanDusen Keith W, Larkin Lisa M
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
J Regen Med. 2014;3(2). doi: 10.4172/2325-9620.1000117.
Engineered skeletal muscle holds promise as a source of graft tissue for the repair of traumatic injuries such as volumetric muscle loss. The resident skeletal muscle stem cell, the satellite cell, has been identified as an ideal progenitor for tissue engineering due to its role as an essential player in the potent skeletal muscle regeneration mechanism. A significant challenge facing tissue engineers, however, is the isolation of sufficiently large satellite cell populations with high purity. The two common isolation techniques, single fiber explant culture and enzymatic dissociation, can yield either a highly pure satellite cell population or a suitably large number or cells but fail to do both simultaneously. As a result, it is often necessary to use a purification technique such as pre-plating or cell sorting to enrich the satellite cell population post-isolation. Furthermore, the absence of complex chemical and biophysical cues influencing the satellite cell "niche" complicates the culture of isolated satellite cells. Techniques under investigation to maximize myogenic proliferation and differentiation are described in this article, along with current methods for isolating and purifying satellite cells.
工程化骨骼肌有望成为修复创伤性损伤（如大面积肌肉缺损）的移植组织来源。常驻骨骼肌干细胞，即卫星细胞，由于其在强大的骨骼肌再生机制中发挥着重要作用，已被确定为组织工程的理想祖细胞。然而，组织工程师面临的一个重大挑战是分离出足够大量且纯度高的卫星细胞群体。两种常见的分离技术，单纤维外植体培养和酶解，要么能产生高度纯化的卫星细胞群体，要么能得到数量合适的细胞，但无法同时做到这两点。因此，通常需要使用诸如预铺板或细胞分选等纯化技术在分离后富集卫星细胞群体。此外，缺乏影响卫星细胞“生态位”的复杂化学和生物物理信号，使得分离出的卫星细胞培养变得复杂。本文介绍了为最大化成肌增殖和分化而正在研究的技术，以及目前分离和纯化卫星细胞的方法。
