Taylor-Covill Guy A H, Eves Frank F
School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham.
School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016 Mar;42(3):331-8. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000137. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
The apparent steepness of hills and stairs is overestimated in explicit perception. These overestimations are malleable in that when physiological resources are compromised, apparent steepness is further overestimated. An alternative explanation of these experimental findings attributes them to demand characteristics. This article tests the relationship between estimated steepness and naturally occurring differences in body composition. A quasi-experimental field study revealed more exaggerated reports of staircase steepness in overweight than in healthy-weight participants in a situation where experimental demand would be an implausible explanation for any differences. A longitudinal follow-up study used dual X-ray absorptiometry to objectively measure participants' body composition at the beginning and end of a weight-loss program (N = 52). At baseline, higher levels of body fat were associated with steeper explicit estimates of staircase steepness. At follow-up, changes in body fat were associated with changes in estimated steepness such that a loss of fat mass co-occurred with shallower estimates. Discussion focuses on the malleability of perceived steepness at an individual level and the implication of these findings for the debate surrounding "embodied" models of perception. (PsycINFO Database Record
在明确感知中，山丘和楼梯的明显陡峭程度被高估了。这些高估是可塑的，因为当生理资源受损时，明显的陡峭程度会被进一步高估。对这些实验结果的另一种解释将其归因于需求特征。本文测试了估计的陡峭程度与身体成分的自然差异之间的关系。一项准实验性现场研究表明，在一个实验需求难以解释任何差异的情境中，超重参与者比健康体重参与者对楼梯陡峭程度的报告更为夸张。一项纵向随访研究使用双能X线吸收法在减肥计划开始和结束时客观测量参与者的身体成分（N = 52）。在基线时，较高的体脂水平与对楼梯陡峭程度更陡峭的明确估计相关。在随访时，体脂变化与估计的陡峭程度变化相关，即脂肪量减少与较浅的估计同时出现。讨论集中在个体层面上感知陡峭程度的可塑性以及这些发现对围绕“具身”感知模型的辩论的意义。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
