Van de Cavey Joris, Hartsuiker Robert J
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium.
Cognition. 2016 Jan;146:172-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.09.013. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Cognitive processing in many domains (e.g., sentence comprehension, music listening, and math solving) requires sequential information to be organized into an integrational structure. There appears to be some overlap in integrational processing across domains, as shown by cross-domain interference effects when for example linguistic and musical stimuli are jointly presented (Koelsch, Gunter, Wittfoth, & Sammler, 2005; Slevc, Rosenberg, & Patel, 2009). These findings support theories of overlapping resources for integrational processing across domains (cfr. SSIRH Patel, 2003; SWM, Kljajevic, 2010). However, there are some limitations to the studies mentioned above, such as the frequent use of unnaturalistic integrational difficulties. In recent years, the idea has risen that evidence for domain-generality in structural processing might also be yielded though priming paradigms (cfr. Scheepers, 2003). The rationale behind this is that integrational processing across domains regularly requires the processing of dependencies across short or long distances in the sequence, involving respectively less or more syntactic working memory resources (cfr. SWM, Kljajevic, 2010), and such processing decisions might persist over time. However, whereas recent studies have shown suggestive priming of integrational structure between language and arithmetics (though often dependent on arithmetic performance, cfr. Scheepers et al., 2011; Scheepers & Sturt, 2014), it remains to be investigated to what extent we can also find evidence for priming in other domains, such as music and action (cfr. SWM, Kljajevic, 2010). Experiment 1a showed structural priming from the processing of musical sequences onto the position in the sentence structure (early or late) to which a relative clause was attached in subsequent sentence completion. Importantly, Experiment 1b showed that a similar structural manipulation based on non-hierarchically ordered color sequences did not yield any priming effect, suggesting that the priming effect is not based on linear order, but integrational dependency. Finally, Experiment 2 presented primes in four domains (relative clause sentences, music, mathematics, and structured descriptions of actions), and consistently showed priming within and across domains. These findings provide clear evidence for domain-general structural processing mechanisms.
许多领域（如句子理解、音乐聆听和数学解题）中的认知处理都需要将序列信息组织成一个整合结构。跨领域的整合处理似乎存在一些重叠，例如当语言和音乐刺激共同呈现时的跨领域干扰效应就表明了这一点（柯尔施、冈特、维特福思和萨姆勒，2005年；斯莱夫克、罗森伯格和帕特尔，2009年）。这些发现支持了跨领域整合处理的资源重叠理论（参见帕特尔的SSIRH，2003年；Kljajevic的SWM，2010年）。然而，上述研究存在一些局限性，比如频繁使用非自然的整合难度。近年来，有一种观点认为，通过启动范式也可能获得结构处理中领域通用性的证据（参见谢佩斯，2003年）。其背后的基本原理是，跨领域的整合处理通常需要处理序列中短距离或长距离的依存关系，分别涉及较少或较多的句法工作记忆资源（参见Kljajevic的SWM，2010年），而且这样的处理决策可能会随着时间持续存在。然而，尽管最近的研究表明了语言和算术之间存在整合结构的启动效应（尽管通常依赖于算术表现，参见谢佩斯等人，2011年；谢佩斯和斯特尔特，2014年），但在多大程度上我们也能在其他领域（如音乐和动作）中找到启动效应的证据仍有待研究（参见Kljajevic的SWM，2010年）。实验1a表明，从音乐序列的处理到后续句子完成时关系从句所附着的句子结构位置（早期或晚期）存在结构启动效应。重要的是，实验1b表明，基于非层次有序颜色序列的类似结构操作没有产生任何启动效应，这表明启动效应不是基于线性顺序，而是基于整合依存关系。最后，实验2在四个领域（关系从句句子、音乐、数学和动作的结构化描述）呈现启动刺激，并始终显示出领域内和跨领域的启动效应。这些发现为领域通用的结构处理机制提供了明确的证据。
