Chalmel Frédéric, Rolland Antoine D
Inserm U1085-IrsetUniversité de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
Reproduction. 2015 Nov;150(5):R149-57. doi: 10.1530/REP-15-0073.
Spermatogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process leading to the continuous production of male gametes, the spermatozoa. This developmental process requires the sequential and coordinated expression of thousands of genes, including many that are testis-specific. The molecular networks underlying normal and pathological spermatogenesis have been widely investigated in recent decades, and many high-throughput expression studies have studied genes and proteins involved in male fertility. In this review, we focus on studies that have attempted to correlate transcription and translation during spermatogenesis by comparing the testicular transcriptome and proteome. We also discuss the recent development and use of new transcriptomic approaches that provide a better proxy for the proteome, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Finally, we provide illustrations of how testis-derived transcriptomic and proteomic data can be integrated to address new questions and how the 'proteomics informed by transcriptomics' technique, by combining RNA-seq and MS-based proteomics, can contribute significantly to the discovery of new protein-coding genes or new protein isoforms expressed during spermatogenesis.
精子发生是一个复杂且受到严格调控的过程，可导致雄性配子即精子的持续产生。这个发育过程需要数千个基因按顺序协调表达，其中包括许多睾丸特异性基因。近几十年来，正常和病理性精子发生的分子网络已得到广泛研究，许多高通量表达研究也对参与男性生育的基因和蛋白质进行了研究。在本综述中，我们重点关注那些试图通过比较睾丸转录组和蛋白质组来关联精子发生过程中转录和翻译的研究。我们还讨论了新转录组学方法的最新进展和应用，这些方法从定性和定量角度都能更好地代表蛋白质组。最后，我们举例说明如何整合睾丸来源的转录组学和蛋白质组学数据来解决新问题，以及“转录组学指导的蛋白质组学”技术如何通过结合RNA测序和基于质谱的蛋白质组学，为发现精子发生过程中表达的新蛋白质编码基因或新蛋白质异构体做出重大贡献。
