Porro Chiara, Cianciulli Antonia, Calvello Rosa, Panaro Maria Antonietta
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, University of Bari, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(36):5277-91. doi: 10.2174/1381612821666150928155612.
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a natural phytoalexin found in grape-skin, exerts multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant effects. In the past few years, mounting evidence has suggested that resveratrol is neuroprotective against a number of neurological diseases. An important contributor to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders is neuroinflammation, of which microglial activation is an important hallmark. It is possible that M1/M2 polarization of microglia may play an important role in controlling the balance between promoting and resolving neuroinflammation in the CNS. Immunomodulatory strategies capable of redirecting the microglial response toward the neuroprotective M2 phenotype could offer attractive options for neurodegenerative diseases with inflammatory components. The neuroprotective actions of resveratrol seem to be attributable to its anti-inflammatory properties, due not only to its direct scavenger effects versus toxic molecules but also to a capacity to upregulate natural anti-inflammatory defences, thus counteracting excessive responses of classically activated M1 microglia. The goal of this review is to summarize recent insights into the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as a natural modulator of microgliamediated neurotoxicity.
白藜芦醇（3,5,4'-三羟基-反式-芪）是一种在葡萄皮中发现的天然植保素，具有多种生物活性，包括抗炎、抗增殖和抗氧化作用。在过去几年中，越来越多的证据表明白藜芦醇对多种神经疾病具有神经保护作用。神经炎症是神经疾病发病机制的一个重要因素，其中小胶质细胞激活是一个重要标志。小胶质细胞的M1/M2极化可能在控制中枢神经系统中促进和解决神经炎症之间的平衡方面发挥重要作用。能够将小胶质细胞反应重定向为神经保护M2表型的免疫调节策略，可能为具有炎症成分的神经退行性疾病提供有吸引力的选择。白藜芦醇的神经保护作用似乎归因于其抗炎特性，这不仅是由于其对有毒分子的直接清除作用，还由于其上调天然抗炎防御的能力，从而抵消经典激活的M1小胶质细胞的过度反应。本综述的目的是总结白藜芦醇作为小胶质细胞介导的神经毒性天然调节剂的治疗潜力的最新见解。
