Filannino Francesca Martina, Panaro Maria Antonietta, Benameur Tarek, Pizzolorusso Ilaria, Porro Chiara
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 28;25(3):1629. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031629.
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the appropriate development and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. Extracellular vesicles have recently come to the forefront of neuroscience as novel vehicles for the transfer of complex signals between neuronal cells. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound carriers packed with proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (including DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs) that contain the elements present in the cell they originate from. Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles have been studied extensively and have opened up new understanding of cell-cell communication; they may cross the blood-brain barrier in a bidirectional way from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma and vice versa, and play a key role in brain-periphery communication in physiology as well as pathology. Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system release extracellular vesicles to the interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Extracellular vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and primary and secondary metabolites. that can be taken up by and modulate the behaviour of neighbouring recipient cells. The functions of extracellular vesicles have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyse the role extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles in central nervous system cell communication, with particular emphasis on the contribution of extracellular vesicles from different central nervous system cell types in maintaining or altering central nervous system homeostasis.
细胞间通讯对于中枢神经系统内稳态条件的正常发育和维持至关重要。细胞外囊泡作为神经元细胞之间传递复杂信号的新型载体，最近已成为神经科学的前沿研究对象。细胞外囊泡是膜结合载体，包裹着蛋白质、代谢物和核酸（包括DNA、mRNA和微小RNA），这些物质包含其来源细胞中存在的成分。自发现以来，细胞外囊泡已得到广泛研究，并开启了对细胞间通讯的新认识；它们可能以双向方式穿过血脑屏障，从血液进入脑实质，反之亦然，并且在生理和病理状态下的脑-外周通讯中发挥关键作用。中枢神经系统中的神经元和神经胶质细胞将细胞外囊泡释放到脑和脊髓实质的细胞外液中。细胞外囊泡含有蛋白质、核酸、脂质、碳水化合物以及初级和次级代谢物，这些物质可以被邻近的受体细胞摄取并调节其行为。细胞外囊泡的功能已在神经退行性疾病的背景下得到广泛研究。本综述的目的是分析细胞外囊泡在中枢神经系统细胞通讯中的作用，特别强调不同中枢神经系统细胞类型的细胞外囊泡在维持或改变中枢神经系统内稳态方面的贡献。
