Gomes Carlos Alexandre, Figueiredo Patrícia, Mayes Andrew
Human Memory Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal.
Hippocampus. 2016 Apr;26(4):472-91. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22537. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
The neural substrates of associative and item priming and recognition were investigated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study over two separate sessions. In the priming session, participants decided which object of a pair was bigger during both study and test phases. In the recognition session, participants saw different object pairs and performed the same size-judgement task followed by an associative recognition memory task. Associative priming was accompanied by reduced activity in the right middle occipital gyrus as well as in bilateral hippocampus. Object item priming was accompanied by reduced activity in extensive priming-related areas in the bilateral occipitotemporofrontal cortex, as well as in the perirhinal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Associative recognition was characterized by activity increases in regions linked to recollection, such as the hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, anterior medial frontal gyrus and posterior parahippocampal cortex. Item object priming and recognition recruited broadly overlapping regions (e.g., bilateral middle occipital and prefrontal cortices, left fusiform gyrus), even though the BOLD response was in opposite directions. These regions along with the precuneus, where both item priming and recognition were accompanied by activation, have been found to respond to object familiarity. The minimal structural overlap between object associative priming and recollection-based associative recognition suggests that they depend on largely different stimulus-related information and that the different directions of the effects indicate distinct retrieval mechanisms. In contrast, item priming and familiarity-based recognition seemed mainly based on common memory information, although the extent of common processing between priming and familiarity remains unclear. Further implications of these findings are discussed.
在一项功能磁共振成像研究中，分两个独立阶段对联想启动、项目启动及识别的神经基质进行了研究。在启动阶段，参与者在学习和测试阶段都要判断一对物体中哪个更大。在识别阶段，参与者观看不同的物体对，并执行相同的大小判断任务，随后进行联想识别记忆任务。联想启动伴随着右侧枕中回以及双侧海马体活动的减少。物体项目启动伴随着双侧枕颞额叶皮质以及嗅周皮质中与启动相关的广泛区域活动的减少，但海马体中没有。联想识别的特征是与回忆相关的区域活动增加，如海马体、后扣带回皮质、额内侧前回和海马旁回皮质。项目物体启动和识别激活了大致重叠的区域（如双侧枕中回和前额叶皮质、左侧梭状回），尽管血氧水平依赖（BOLD）反应方向相反。这些区域以及楔前叶（项目启动和识别在此均伴有激活）已被发现对物体熟悉度有反应。物体联想启动与基于回忆的联想识别之间最小的结构重叠表明，它们很大程度上依赖于不同的刺激相关信息，且效应的不同方向表明存在不同的检索机制。相比之下，项目启动和基于熟悉度的识别似乎主要基于共同的记忆信息，尽管启动与熟悉度之间共同处理的程度仍不清楚。文中讨论了这些发现的进一步意义。
