von Gablenz Petra, Holube Inga
a Institute of Hearing Technology and Audiology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All" , Oldenburg , Germany.
Int J Audiol. 2016;55(2):110-25. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2015.1084054. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
To establish the status of hearing in adults in Germany and the effects of screening for noise, tinnitus, ear diseases, and general health on the distribution of hearing threshold levels (HTL) DESIGN: A cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted between 2010 and 2012 in two middle-sized cities.
A total of 1903 adults aged 18 to 97 years from a randomized sample drawn from the local registration offices and stratified for age and gender.
Dispersion and distribution of HTL data observed in the population-based sample are well in line with international results. However, median HTL tend to be better than in most recent international studies. Screening for "otological normality" improves the median HTL overall by 3 dB in males and 1 dB in females. This effect is strongly age-dependent in males and far less pronounced in females. While by and large HTL medians of females in the screened sample meet the values expected by ISO 7029:2000, HTL medians of males in middle and higher age cohorts are better than expected, especially in the frequencies above 2 kHz.
This study supports international findings that in males, the age-related decrease in hearing sensitivity at high frequencies is smaller than described by ISO 7029:2000.
确定德国成年人的听力状况，以及针对噪声、耳鸣、耳部疾病和一般健康状况进行筛查对听力阈值水平（HTL）分布的影响。
2010年至2012年在两个中等规模城市开展的一项横断面流行病学研究。
从当地户籍登记处随机抽取的1903名18至97岁的成年人，按年龄和性别分层。
在基于人群的样本中观察到的HTL数据的离散度和分布与国际研究结果高度一致。然而，HTL中位数往往优于最近的国际研究。对“耳科正常情况”进行筛查后，男性的HTL中位数总体提高了3dB，女性提高了1dB。这种影响在男性中强烈依赖年龄，在女性中则不太明显。虽然筛查样本中女性的HTL中位数总体上符合ISO 7029:2000预期的值，但中年和老年男性队列的HTL中位数优于预期，尤其是在2kHz以上的频率。
本研究支持国际研究结果，即男性高频听力敏感度与年龄相关的下降幅度小于ISO 7029:2000所述。
