Urban Jiří
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
J Sep Sci. 2016 Jan;39(1):51-68. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201501011. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
Since their introduction, the main application area of porous polymer monoliths has been in the fast gradient separation of synthetic and natural polymers. On the other hand, it has proven to be difficult to prepare polymer monoliths providing column efficiency comparable with particulate and monolithic silica-based stationary phases. During this decade, several experimental approaches were performed that aimed to improve this property of polymer monoliths. These protocols include variation in a polymerization time and preparation of monolithic stationary phases at limited conversion of the polymerization reaction, application of novel, highly ordered, nanomaterials, and/or hypercross-linking surface modification controlling the cross-link density of prepared monoliths. By using some of these approaches, monolithic stationary phases with column efficiency reaching 200,000 plates/m for low-molecular-weight compounds have been prepared. This review deals with preparation of polymer monoliths for the separation of small molecules and summarizes recent development in this field. At first, it focuses on monolithic columns morphology and repeatability of their preparation. Then, recent results in individual experimental protocols are discussed. Finally, possible future steps leading to the preparation of more efficient monolithic stationary phases are outlined.
自从多孔聚合物整体柱问世以来，其主要应用领域一直是合成聚合物和天然聚合物的快速梯度分离。另一方面，事实证明，制备具有与颗粒状和整体硅胶固定相相当的柱效的聚合物整体柱很困难。在这十年间，人们进行了几种实验方法，旨在改善聚合物整体柱的这一性能。这些方案包括改变聚合时间以及在聚合反应的有限转化率下制备整体固定相、应用新型的、高度有序的纳米材料和/或控制所制备整体柱交联密度的超交联表面改性。通过使用这些方法中的一些，已经制备出了对于低分子量化合物柱效达到200,000塔板/米的整体固定相。这篇综述论述了用于小分子分离的聚合物整体柱的制备，并总结了该领域的最新进展。首先，它关注整体柱的形态及其制备的可重复性。然后，讨论了各个实验方案的最新结果。最后，概述了制备更高效整体固定相可能的未来步骤。
