School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2017 Feb;92(1):199-215. doi: 10.1111/brv.12223. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
There is growing interest in the integration of macroecology and palaeoecology towards a better understanding of past, present, and anticipated future biodiversity dynamics. However, the empirical basis for this integration has thus far been limited. Here we review prospects for a macroecology-palaeoecology integration in biodiversity analyses with a focus on marine microfossils [i.e. small (or small parts of) organisms with high fossilization potential, such as foraminifera, ostracodes, diatoms, radiolaria, coccolithophores, dinoflagellates, and ichthyoliths]. Marine microfossils represent a useful model system for such integrative research because of their high abundance, large spatiotemporal coverage, and good taxonomic and temporal resolution. The microfossil record allows for quantitative cross-scale research designs, which help in answering fundamental questions about marine biodiversity, including the causes behind similarities in patterns of latitudinal and longitudinal variation across taxa, the degree of constancy of observed gradients over time, and the relative importance of hypothesized drivers that may explain past or present biodiversity patterns. The inclusion of a deep-time perspective based on high-resolution microfossil records may be an important step for the further maturation of macroecology. An improved integration of macroecology and palaeoecology would aid in our understanding of the balance of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that have shaped the biosphere we inhabit today and affect how it may change in the future.
人们对宏观生态学和古生态学的整合越来越感兴趣，以期更好地了解过去、现在和预期未来的生物多样性动态。然而，到目前为止，这种整合的经验基础还很有限。本文综述了在生物多样性分析中进行宏观生态学-古生态学整合的前景，重点关注海洋微体化石[即具有高化石潜力的小型（或小部分）生物体，如有孔虫、介形类、硅藻、放射虫、颗石藻、甲藻和鱼化石]。海洋微体化石是此类综合研究的有用模型系统，因为它们数量丰富、时空覆盖范围广、分类和时间分辨率高。微体化石记录允许进行定量跨尺度的研究设计，有助于回答有关海洋生物多样性的基本问题，包括解释跨分类群纬度和经度变化模式相似性的原因、观察到的梯度随时间的稳定性程度，以及假设的驱动因素对于解释过去或现在的生物多样性模式的相对重要性。基于高分辨率微体化石记录的长时间尺度的纳入可能是宏观生态学进一步成熟的重要步骤。宏观生态学和古生态学的更好整合将有助于我们理解塑造我们今天居住的生物圈的生态和进化机制的平衡，并影响它在未来可能发生的变化。
