Stephens Patrick R, Altizer Sonia, Smith Katherine F, Alonso Aguirre A, Brown James H, Budischak Sarah A, Byers James E, Dallas Tad A, Jonathan Davies T, Drake John M, Ezenwa Vanessa O, Farrell Maxwell J, Gittleman John L, Han Barbara A, Huang Shan, Hutchinson Rebecca A, Johnson Pieter, Nunn Charles L, Onstad David, Park Andrew, Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo M, Schmidt John P, Poulin Robert
Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 0291, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2016 Sep;19(9):1159-71. doi: 10.1111/ele.12644. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.
在最广泛的组织层面识别传染病模式及其影响的驱动因素，是现代科学面临的最关键挑战之一，但许多基本问题的答案仍然难以捉摸。这些问题包括哪些因素通常促进病原体向新宿主物种的传播，是什么驱动宿主物种间免疫投入的差异，以及更普遍地说，是什么驱动寄生虫多样性和分布的全球模式？在这里，我们探讨宏观生态学（一个在广泛的空间、时间和分类尺度上研究模式和过程的领域）的观点和工具如何拓展对全球传染病生态学的科学理解。特别是，新兴方法正在提供关于所有生物分类群尺度特性的新见解，以及绘制病原体生物多样性和感染风险的新策略。最终，宏观生态学正在建立一个框架，以更准确地预测传染病分布和出现的全球模式。
