Liu Angen, Pollard Kai
Biospecimen Repository, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 417 North Carolina Street, Room 302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;864:55-68. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20579-3_5.
A biobank is an entity that collects, processes, stores, and distributes biospecimens and relevant data for use in basic, translational, and clinical research. Biobanking of high-quality human biospecimens such as tissue, blood and other bodily fluids along with associated patient clinical information provides a fundamental scientific infrastructure for personalized medicine. Identification of biomarkers that are specifically associated with particular medical conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders are useful for early detection, prevention, and treatment of the diseases. The ability to determine individual tumor biomarkers and to use those biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy is having a very significant impact on personalized medicine and is rapidly changing the way clinical care is conducted. As a critical requirement for personalized medicine is the availability of a large collection of patient samples with well annotated patient clinical and pathological data, biobanks thus play an important role in personalized medicine advancement. The goal of this chapter is to explore the role of biobanks in personalized medicine and discuss specific needs regarding biobank development for translational and clinical research, especially for personalized medicine advancement.
生物样本库是一个收集、处理、存储和分发生物样本及相关数据以供基础研究、转化研究和临床研究使用的实体。高质量人类生物样本（如组织、血液和其他体液）的生物样本库以及相关的患者临床信息，为个性化医疗提供了一个基础科学基础设施。识别与特定疾病（如癌症、心血管疾病和神经疾病）特别相关的生物标志物，对于这些疾病的早期检测、预防和治疗是有用的。确定个体肿瘤生物标志物并将这些生物标志物用于疾病诊断、预后和治疗反应预测的能力，对个性化医疗产生了非常重大的影响，并正在迅速改变临床护理的实施方式。由于个性化医疗的一项关键要求是要有大量带有详细注释的患者临床和病理数据的患者样本，因此生物样本库在推动个性化医疗方面发挥着重要作用。本章的目标是探讨生物样本库在个性化医疗中的作用，并讨论生物样本库在转化研究和临床研究（尤其是在推动个性化医疗方面）发展的具体需求。
