Candelier Jean-Jacques
a Unité 1197 INSERM, Stem cell-niches Interactions: Physiology , Tumors and Tissular Repair, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier , Villejuif , France.
b University of Paris-Saclay , Saint-Aubin , France.
Cell Adh Migr. 2016 Mar 3;10(1-2):226-35. doi: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1093275. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
The hydatidiform mole (HM) is a placental pathology of androgenetic origin. Placental villi have an abnormal hyperproliferation event and hydropic degeneration. Three situations can be envisaged at its origin: 1. The destruction/expulsion of the female pronucleus at the time of fertilization by 1 or 2 spermatozoa with the former being followed by an endoreplication of the male pronucleus leading to a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) 2. A triploid zygote (fertilization by 2 spermatozoa) leading to a partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) but can also lead to haploid and diploid clones. The diploid clone may produce a normal fetus while the haploid clone after endoreplication generates a CHM 3. A nutritional defect during the differentiation of the oocytes or the deterioration of the limited oxygen pressure during the first trimester of gestation may lead to the formation of a HM. In countries with poor medical health care system, moles (mainly the CHM) can become invasive or, in rare cases, lead to gestational choriocarcinomas.
葡萄胎(HM)是一种源于孤雄生殖的胎盘病理学情况。胎盘绒毛发生异常的过度增殖事件及水肿变性。其起源可设想有三种情况:1. 在受精时,1个或2个精子使雌原核遭到破坏/排出,随后雄原核进行核内复制,导致完全性葡萄胎(CHM);2. 三倍体合子(由2个精子受精)导致部分性葡萄胎(PHM),但也可导致单倍体和二倍体克隆。二倍体克隆可产生正常胎儿,而单倍体克隆经核内复制后产生CHM;3. 卵母细胞分化期间的营养缺陷或妊娠头三个月有限氧压的恶化可能导致葡萄胎的形成。在医疗保健系统较差的国家,葡萄胎(主要是CHM)可能会发展为侵袭性,或在罕见情况下导致妊娠绒毛膜癌。