Kim Kirang, Shin Sam Cheol, Shim Jae Eun
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
Administration Affairs, Dankook Universtiy Hospital, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2015 Oct;9(5):547-53. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.547. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES: The effects of malnutrition on growth of toddlers and preschoolers by socioeconomic status are not well known. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary intake on growth outcomes in toddlers and preschoolers by household income level.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population was a total of 1,687 children aged 1 to 5 years that participated in the KNHANES from 2009 to 2011. Growth of children was assessed by height for age (HFA) and weight for height (WFH). Children were classified into three groups according to children's HFA and WFH compared to the 10(th) and 90(th) percentiles of the 2007 Korean Children and Adolescent Growth Standard. Average monthly household income was divided into quartile groups. Dietary intake data were obtained by using the one day 24-hr recall method. Risks of inadequate intake of nutrients and unfavorable growth were estimated by using a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, region, and energy intake.
The low HFA group (< 10(th) percentile) had significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and thiamin as compared with the high group (≥ 90(th) percentile). For WFH status, vitamin C intake was lower in the low group than in the high group. Household income level was related to WFH status but not HFA. Children from lower income households were more likely to have high WFH than those from higher income households (P for trend = 0.038). Household income status was also significantly related with risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients such as thiamin (P for trend = 0.032) and vitamin C (P for trend = 0.002), showing higher odds of inadequate intakes in children from lower income households.
Children from lower income households were prone to be overweight and to have inadequate intakes of micronutrients such as thiamin and vitamin C. To reduce nutritional and health disparities, collective action in the public sector is required from early life.
背景/目的：社会经济地位对幼儿及学龄前儿童生长发育的影响尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨家庭收入水平对幼儿及学龄前儿童生长发育结果的影响。
对象/方法：研究对象为2009年至2011年参加韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）的1687名1至5岁儿童。通过年龄别身高（HFA）和身高别体重（WFH）评估儿童生长情况。根据儿童的HFA和WFH与2007年韩国儿童及青少年生长标准的第10百分位数和第90百分位数相比，将儿童分为三组。家庭月平均收入分为四分位数组。采用一日24小时回顾法获取饮食摄入数据。使用多因素逻辑回归模型估计营养素摄入不足和生长发育不良的风险，该模型对性别、年龄、地区和能量摄入进行了调整。
低HFA组（<第10百分位数）的能量、碳水化合物和硫胺素摄入量显著低于高HFA组（≥第90百分位数）。对于WFH状况，低WFH组的维生素C摄入量低于高WFH组。家庭收入水平与WFH状况有关，但与HFA无关。低收入家庭的儿童比高收入家庭的儿童更有可能出现高WFH（趋势P值 = 0.038）。家庭收入状况也与硫胺素（趋势P值 = 0.032）和维生素C（趋势P值 = 0.002）等微量营养素摄入不足的风险显著相关，表明低收入家庭儿童摄入不足的几率更高。
低收入家庭的儿童容易超重，且硫胺素和维生素C等微量营养素摄入不足。为减少营养和健康差距，公共部门需要从儿童早期就采取集体行动。
