Cai Tingli, Rakerd Brad, Hartmann William M
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 1026 Red Cedar Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Sep;138(3):1549-60. doi: 10.1121/1.4927491.
Acoustical interaural differences were computed for a succession of idealized shapes approximating the human head-related anatomy: sphere, ellipsoid, and ellipsoid with neck and torso. Calculations were done as a function of frequency (100-2500 Hz) and for source azimuths from 10 to 90 degrees using finite element models. The computations were compared to free-field measurements made with a manikin. Compared to a spherical head, the ellipsoid produced greater large-scale variation with frequency in both interaural time differences and interaural level differences, resulting in better agreement with the measurements. Adding a torso, represented either as a large plate or as a rectangular box below the neck, further improved the agreement by adding smaller-scale frequency variation. The comparisons permitted conjectures about the relationship between details of interaural differences and gross features of the human anatomy, such as the height of the head, and length of the neck.
针对一系列近似人头相关解剖结构的理想化形状（球体、椭球体以及带有颈部和躯干的椭球体）计算了声学双耳差异。使用有限元模型，作为频率（100 - 2500赫兹）的函数以及声源方位角从10度到90度进行了计算。将这些计算结果与使用人体模型进行的自由场测量结果进行了比较。与球形头部相比，椭球体在双耳时间差和双耳声级差方面随频率产生了更大的大规模变化，从而与测量结果达成了更好的一致性。添加躯干，将其表示为颈部下方的大平板或矩形盒，通过增加较小尺度的频率变化进一步改善了一致性。这些比较使得人们能够推测双耳差异细节与人体解剖结构的总体特征（如头部高度和颈部长度）之间的关系。
