酒精成瘾与其他药物成瘾机制的共性与差异
Commonalities and Distinctions Among Mechanisms of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs.
作者信息
Ozburn Angela R, Janowsky Aaron J, Crabbe John C
机构信息
Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon.
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Oct;39(10):1863-77. doi: 10.1111/acer.12810.
BACKGROUND
Alcohol abuse is comorbid with abuse of many other drugs, some with similar pharmacology and others quite different. This leads to the hypothesis of an underlying, unitary dysfunctional neurobiological basis for substance abuse risk and consequences.
METHODS
In this review, we discuss commonalities and distinctions of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. We focus on recent advances in preclinical studies using rodent models of drug self-administration.
RESULTS
While there are specific behavioral and molecular manifestations common to alcohol, psychostimulant, opioid, and nicotine dependence, attempts to propose a unifying theory of the addictions inevitably face details where distinctions are found among classes of drugs.
CONCLUSIONS
For alcohol, versus other drugs of abuse, we discuss and compare advances in: (i) neurocircuitry important for the different stages of drug dependence; (ii) transcriptomics and genetical genomics; and (iii) enduring effects, noting in particular the contributions of behavioral genetics and animal models.
背景
酒精滥用与许多其他药物的滥用并存，其中一些药物具有相似的药理学特性，而另一些则截然不同。这引发了一种假设，即存在一种潜在的、统一的功能失调神经生物学基础，与物质滥用的风险和后果相关。
方法
在本综述中，我们讨论了酒精成瘾与其他药物成瘾的共性和差异。我们重点关注使用药物自我给药啮齿动物模型的临床前研究的最新进展。
结果
虽然酒精、精神兴奋剂、阿片类药物和尼古丁依赖存在特定的行为和分子表现，但试图提出一种统一的成瘾理论不可避免地会面临在不同类药物之间发现差异的细节问题。
结论
对于酒精与其他滥用药物，我们讨论并比较了以下方面的进展：（i）对药物依赖不同阶段重要的神经回路；（ii）转录组学和遗传基因组学；以及（iii）持久影响，特别指出行为遗传学和动物模型的贡献。
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