Brilhante Andreia Fernandes, Nunes Vânia Lúcia Brandão, Kohatsu Kleber Augusto, Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi, Rocca Maria Elizabeth Ghizzi, Ishikawa Edna Aoba Yassui
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-904 Brazil.
Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Anhanguera-Uniderp University, Campo Grande, MS Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2015 Oct 1;21:39. doi: 10.1186/s40409-015-0041-8. eCollection 2015.
Bonito municipality, known as an area of ecoturism, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, is also a focus of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases, with cases registered in both human and canine populations. This study sought to investigate natural infection by flagellate forms of Leishmania in phlebotomines of the urban area of Bonito.
Sand flies were collected fortnightly from October 2005 to July 2006 with modified automatic light traps installed in peridomiciles and animal shelters in the center and on the outskirts of the city. The females were dissected and their guts observed under an optical microscope. A total of 1977 specimens were captured, Lutzomyia longipalpis (88.4 %) and Bichromomyia flaviscutelata (3.0 %) being the most frequent species. Bi. flaviscutellata was found infected by flagellates that were identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis by indirect immunofluorescence reaction, employing monoclonal antibodies and the biotin-avidin system. This is the first report of natural infection by L. amazonensis in Bi. flaviscutellata in a Brazilian urban area.
As Bi. flaviscutellata is only slightly attracted by humans, the transmission of L. amazonensis in the study area may have a zoonotic character; however, the sympatric occurrence of this parasite and Lu. longipalpis should be taken into consideration by the local health authorities since this sand fly has already been found with L. amazonensis DNA in a focus of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Bonito municipality.
巴西南马托格罗索州的博尼图市是一个生态旅游区，也是内脏利什曼病和皮肤利什曼病的重点疫区，在人和犬类群体中均有病例记录。本研究旨在调查博尼图市区白蛉体内利什曼原虫鞭毛体的自然感染情况。
2005年10月至2006年7月，每两周使用改良的自动诱虫灯在市中心和市郊的住所周围及动物庇护所收集白蛉。解剖雌蛉，并在光学显微镜下观察其肠道。共捕获1977只标本，最常见的种类是长须罗蛉（88.4%）和黄盾双色罗蛉（3.0%）。通过间接免疫荧光反应，利用单克隆抗体和生物素-抗生物素蛋白系统，发现黄盾双色罗蛉感染了被鉴定为亚马逊利什曼原虫（利什曼原虫属）的鞭毛体。这是巴西市区黄盾双色罗蛉自然感染亚马逊利什曼原虫的首次报告。
由于黄盾双色罗蛉对人类的吸引力较小，研究区域内亚马逊利什曼原虫的传播可能具有人畜共患的特征；然而，当地卫生当局应考虑到这种寄生虫与长须罗蛉的同域分布情况，因为在博尼图市犬内脏利什曼病疫区内已发现这种白蛉体内含有亚马逊利什曼原虫的DNA。
