Petrie Ryan J, Yamada Kenneth M
Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2015 Nov;25(11):666-674. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.013. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
Primary human fibroblasts are remarkably adaptable, able to migrate in differing types of physiological 3D tissue and on rigid 2D tissue culture surfaces. The crawling behavior of these and other vertebrate cells has been studied intensively, which has helped generate the concept of the cell motility cycle as a comprehensive model of 2D cell migration. However, this model fails to explain how cells force their large nuclei through the confines of a 3D matrix environment and why primary fibroblasts can use more than one mechanism to move in 3D. Recent work shows that the intracellular localization of myosin II activity is governed by cell-matrix interactions to both force the nucleus through the extracellular matrix (ECM) and dictate the type of protrusions used to migrate in 3D.
原代人成纤维细胞具有很强的适应性，能够在不同类型的生理性三维组织以及坚硬的二维组织培养表面上迁移。这些细胞以及其他脊椎动物细胞的爬行行为已得到深入研究，这有助于形成细胞运动周期的概念，将其作为二维细胞迁移的综合模型。然而，该模型无法解释细胞如何迫使它们的大细胞核穿过三维基质环境的限制，以及原代成纤维细胞为何能使用不止一种机制在三维环境中移动。最近的研究表明，肌球蛋白II活性的细胞内定位受细胞与基质相互作用的支配，既能迫使细胞核穿过细胞外基质（ECM），又能决定用于在三维环境中迁移的突起类型。
