Paris Tim, Kim Jeesun, Davis Chris
University of Western Sydney.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2016 Jan;28(1):158-65. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00885. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Neural responses to an attended event are typically enhanced relative to those from an unattended one (attention enhancement). Conversely, neural responses to a predicted event are typically reduced relative to those from an unpredicted one (prediction suppression). What remains to be established is what happens with attended and predicted events. To examine the interaction between attention and prediction, we combined two robust paradigms developed for studying attention and prediction effects on ERPs into an orthogonal design. Participants were presented with sounds in attended or unattended intervals with onsets that were either predicted by a moving visual cue or unpredicted (no cue was provided). We demonstrated an N1 enhancement effect for attended sounds and an N1 suppression effect for predicted sounds; furthermore, an interaction between these effects was found that emerged early in the N1 (50-95 msec), indicating that attention enhancement only occurred when the sound was unpredicted. This pattern of results can be explained by the precision of the predictive cue that reduces the need for attention selection in the attended and predicted condition.
相对于未被关注的事件，对被关注事件的神经反应通常会增强（注意力增强）。相反，相对于未被预测的事件，对被预测事件的神经反应通常会减弱（预测抑制）。有待确定的是，当事件既被关注又被预测时会发生什么。为了研究注意力和预测之间的相互作用，我们将两种为研究注意力和预测对事件相关电位（ERP）的影响而开发的成熟范式结合成一种正交设计。向参与者呈现声音，声音出现在被关注或未被关注的时间段内，其起始点要么由移动的视觉线索预测，要么未被预测（未提供线索）。我们证明了对被关注声音的N1增强效应和对被预测声音的N1抑制效应；此外，还发现这些效应之间存在相互作用，这种相互作用在N1早期（50 - 95毫秒）出现，表明注意力增强仅在声音未被预测时发生。这种结果模式可以通过预测线索的精确性来解释，该精确性降低了在被关注和被预测条件下进行注意力选择的必要性。
