Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;541:616-622. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.126. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
Alcohol consumption has been increasing in the last years and it has become a sociological problem due its derived health and safety problems. Ethyl sulfate is a secondary metabolite of the alcohol degradation that is excreted through the urine (0.010-0.016%) after alcohol ingestion and it is quite stable in water. In this study, a new methodology to determine ethyl sulfate by ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Different ion-pairs and additives were tested directly in the sample extracts or in the mobile phase. The best ion-pair was set up adding 0.5M of tributylamine and 0.1% of formic acid to the sample. The limit of quantification was 0.3 μg L(-1) and the intra-day and inter-day precision of the method were ≤ 2.8 and ≤ 3.0%, respectively. Good linearity (r(2)<0.999) and low matrix effect (<30% corrected by using internal isotopically labelled internal standard) were achieved. The sampling campaign was from 4th to 20th March of 2014 covering the festivity of Fallas (15th to 19th March). Ethyl sulfate was determined in all influents of the 3 wastewater treatment plants (Pinedo I, Pinedo II and Quart-Benàger) belonging to Valencia and surrounding area. Ethyl sulfate concentrations ranged from 1.46 to 19.85 μg L(-1) and alcohol consumption ranged from 1.07 to 56.11 mL day(-1) inhab(-1), being the highest value of alcohol consumption determined during Fallas. This study presents a reliable and alternative method to traditional ones to determine alcohol consumption by population that provides real-time information of alcohol consumption.
近年来，酒精消费不断增加，由于其带来的健康和安全问题，已成为一个社会学问题。硫酸乙酯是酒精降解的次生代谢物，摄入酒精后会通过尿液排出（0.010-0.016%），并且在水中相当稳定。在这项研究中，开发了一种新的离子对液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）方法来测定硫酸乙酯。直接在样品提取物或流动相中测试了不同的离子对和添加剂。最佳离子对是在样品中添加 0.5M 的三丁胺和 0.1%的甲酸建立的。定量限为 0.3μg/L，方法的日内和日间精密度分别≤2.8%和≤3.0%。获得了良好的线性（r(2)<0.999）和低基质效应（<30%，通过使用内部同位素标记的内标校正）。采样活动于 2014 年 3 月 4 日至 20 日进行，涵盖了法利亚斯节（3 月 15 日至 19 日）的庆祝活动。在属于瓦伦西亚及周边地区的 3 个废水处理厂（皮内多 I、皮内多 II 和夸特-本纳杰）的所有进水口中都测定了硫酸乙酯。硫酸乙酯浓度范围为 1.46 至 19.85μg/L，酒精摄入量范围为 1.07 至 56.11mL/人/天，在法利亚斯期间测定的酒精摄入量最高。本研究提出了一种可靠的替代传统方法，用于通过人群来确定酒精摄入量，提供了实时的酒精摄入量信息。
