Klem Daniel
a Acopian Center for Ornithology, Department of Biology , Muhlenberg College.
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2015;18 Suppl 1:S11-7. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2015.1075832.
Sheet glass and plastic in the form of clear and reflective windows are universally lethal to birds. Reasonable interpretation of available scientific evidence describes windows as a principal human-associated avian mortality factor that is an indiscriminant killer of common species as well as species of conservation concern. A conservative toll estimates 1 billion or more annual fatalities in the United States alone. The injury and death from birds striking windows are foreseeable and preventable, but the most promising legal measures and commercial products are not being applied or made available to protect defenseless victims. Avian window casualties are important for birds and people, and they have nonhuman animal welfare, biodiversity, sustainability, legal, and ethical and moral value justifying responsible human action. Preventing this unintended and unwanted lethal hazard for free-flying birds should be an obligation. Short-term solutions include retrofitting existing panes with a variety of proven measures that among others include applying various materials to cover the outside surface of windows. Long-term solutions include current and proposed bird-safe sheet glass and plastic for remodeling and new construction that have patterns that transform windows into barriers that birds see and avoid.
透明和反光窗户形式的平板玻璃和塑料对鸟类具有普遍的致命性。对现有科学证据的合理解读表明，窗户是与人类相关的主要鸟类死亡因素，它 indiscriminant 地杀死常见物种以及受保护物种。保守估计仅在美国每年就有10亿或更多的鸟类死亡。鸟类撞击窗户造成的伤害和死亡是可预见和可预防的，但最有前景的法律措施和商业产品并未得到应用或提供，以保护这些无助的受害者。鸟类因窗户造成的伤亡对鸟类和人类都很重要，它们具有非人类动物福利、生物多样性、可持续性、法律以及伦理和道德价值，证明人类采取负责任的行动是合理的。防止这种对自由飞行鸟类无意且不必要的致命危险应该是一项义务。短期解决方案包括用各种已证实的措施对现有窗格进行改造，其中包括应用各种材料覆盖窗户的外表面。长期解决方案包括用于翻新和新建建筑的现有及提议的鸟类安全平板玻璃和塑料，这些产品具有能将窗户变成鸟类可见并可避开的障碍物的图案。 （注：原文中“indiscriminant”可能有误，推测应为“indiscriminate”，意为“不加区分的” ）
