Stasiuk Katarzyna, Bar-Tal Yoram, Maksymiuk Renata
a Institute of Psychology , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , Lublin , Poland.
b Department of Nursing, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
J Health Commun. 2016;21(1):92-9. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1049308. Epub 2015 Oct 7.
This study examines the hypothesis that patients perceive physicians who recommend more active and major treatment as having greater epistemic authority. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that patients expect that their physicians should advocate for an active treatment rather than abstention from treatment. The sample included 631 participants. Data were collected using a between-subjects design and scenarios that described a person who suffers from a medical problem and visits a physician (surgeon, orthopedist, or dentist). The physician gives a passive or active recommendation regarding treatment. Different levels of passive recommendation (against or wait on treatment) and active recommendation (minor, moderate, or major procedures) were used. The experience of the physician was also manipulated. The dependent measure was the patient's rating of the physician's epistemic authority. Physicians who prescribed an active mode of treatment were perceived as having a higher epistemic authority than physicians who gave a passive recommendation. We named this phenomenon the medical expertise bias, as people might be biased when judging the level of expertise of their physicians such that those physicians who recommend an active treatment are considered to have greater medical epistemic authority in general.
本研究检验了这样一种假设，即患者认为推荐更积极、更主要治疗方法的医生具有更高的认知权威。该假设基于这样一种假设，即患者期望他们的医生应该主张积极治疗而不是放弃治疗。样本包括631名参与者。数据收集采用组间设计，并使用描述患有医疗问题并就诊于医生（外科医生、骨科医生或牙医）的人的情景。医生给出关于治疗的被动或主动建议。使用了不同程度的被动建议（反对治疗或等待治疗）和主动建议（小手术、中等手术或大手术）。医生的经验也进行了操控。因变量是患者对医生认知权威的评分。开积极治疗方式的医生比给出被动建议的医生被认为具有更高的认知权威。我们将这种现象称为医学专业知识偏差，因为人们在判断医生的专业水平时可能存在偏差，以至于那些推荐积极治疗的医生通常被认为具有更高的医学认知权威。
