Fernandez-Real José-Manuel, Serino Matteo, Blasco Gerard, Puig Josep, Daunis-i-Estadella Josep, Ricart Wifredo, Burcelin Remy, Fernández-Aranda Fernando, Portero-Otin Manuel
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (J.-M.F.-R., W.R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, 17007 Spain; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (M.S., R.B.), Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048 (M.S., R.B.), Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Radiology-Institut de Diagnostic per la Imatge (G.B., J.P.), Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, 17007 Spain; Department of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics (J.D.-E.), University of Girona, Girona, 17071 Spain; Department of Psychiatry (F.F.-A.), University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, CIBERobn, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, 08908 Spain; and Nutren Group, Department of Experimental Medicine (M.P.-O.), PCiTAL-IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Dec;100(12):4505-13. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3076. Epub 2015 Oct 7.
Evidence from animals suggests that gut microbiota affects brain structure and function but evidence in humans is scarce.
This study sought to evaluate potential interactions among gut microbiota composition, brain microstructure, and cognitive tests in obese and nonobese subjects.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital including 20 consecutive obese and 19 nonobese subjects similar in age and sex.
Gut microbiota (16S bacterial gene pyrosequencing), brain microstructure (diffusion tensor imaging of brain white and gray matter and R2* sequences in magnetic resonance imaging) and cognitive tests.
Hierarchical clustering revealed a specific gut microbiota-brain map profile for obese individuals who could be discriminated from nonobese subjects (accuracy of 0.81). Strikingly, Shannon index was linked to R2* and fractional anisotropy of the hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, and hippocampus, suggesting sparing of these brain structures with increased bacterial biodiversity. Microbiota profile also clustered with cognitive function. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria phylum was linked not only to magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging variables in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala but also to cognitive test scores related to speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility.
In sum, obesity status affects microbiota-brain microstructure and function crosstalk.
动物实验证据表明肠道微生物群会影响大脑结构和功能，但人类相关证据较少。
本研究旨在评估肥胖和非肥胖受试者肠道微生物群组成、脑微结构与认知测试之间的潜在相互作用。
设计、地点和参与者：这是一项在三级医院开展的横断面研究，纳入了20名连续入选的肥胖受试者和19名年龄及性别匹配的非肥胖受试者。
肠道微生物群（16S细菌基因焦磷酸测序）、脑微结构（脑白质和灰质的扩散张量成像以及磁共振成像中的R2*序列）和认知测试。
分层聚类显示肥胖个体具有特定的肠道微生物群-脑图谱特征，可与非肥胖受试者区分开来（准确率为0.81）。引人注目的是，香农指数与下丘脑、尾状核和海马体的R2*以及分数各向异性相关，表明随着细菌生物多样性增加，这些脑结构得以保留。微生物群特征也与认知功能聚类。放线菌门的相对丰度不仅与丘脑、下丘脑和杏仁核的磁共振成像扩散张量成像变量有关，还与速度、注意力和认知灵活性相关的认知测试分数有关。
总之，肥胖状态会影响微生物群-脑微结构和功能的相互作用。
