Di Napoli Alberto, Pasquini Luca, Visconti Emiliano, Vaccaro Maria, Rossi-Espagnet Maria Camilla, Napolitano Antonio
Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, 10065, USA.
Radiol Med. 2025 Mar;130(3):327-358. doi: 10.1007/s11547-024-01938-0. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
The gut microbiota emerged as a potential modulator of brain connectivity in health and disease. This systematic review details current evidence on the gut-brain axis and its influence on brain connectivity. The initial set of studies included 532 papers, updated to January 2024. Studies were selected based on employed techniques. We excluded reviews, studies without connectivity focus, studies on non-human subjects. Forty-nine papers were selected. Employed techniques in healthy subjects included 15 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (fMRI), 5 diffusion tensor imaging, (DTI) 1 electroencephalography (EEG), 6 structural magnetic resonance imaging, 2 magnetoencephalography, 1 spectroscopy, 2 arterial spin labeling (ASL); in patients 17 fMRI, 6 DTI, 2 EEG, 9 structural MRI, 1 transcranial magnetic stimulation, 1 spectroscopy, 2 R2*MRI. In healthy subjects, the gut microbiota was associated with connectivity of areas implied in cognition, memory, attention and emotions. Among the tested areas, amygdala and temporal cortex showed functional and structural differences based on bacteria abundance, as well as frontal and somatosensory cortices, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome. Several studies confirmed the connection between microbiota and brain functions in healthy subjects and patients affected by gastrointestinal to renal and psychiatric diseases.
肠道微生物群已成为健康和疾病中大脑连通性的潜在调节因子。本系统综述详细阐述了关于肠-脑轴及其对大脑连通性影响的现有证据。最初的研究集包括532篇论文，更新至2024年1月。研究根据所采用的技术进行筛选。我们排除了综述、未聚焦于连通性的研究、关于非人类受试者的研究。共筛选出49篇论文。健康受试者中所采用的技术包括15项功能磁共振成像研究（fMRI）、5项扩散张量成像（DTI）、1项脑电图（EEG）、6项结构磁共振成像、2项脑磁图、1项光谱学、2项动脉自旋标记（ASL）；患者中包括17项fMRI、6项DTI、2项EEG、9项结构MRI、1项经颅磁刺激、1项光谱学、2项R2*MRI。在健康受试者中，肠道微生物群与认知、记忆、注意力和情绪相关区域的连通性有关。在测试区域中，杏仁核和颞叶皮质基于细菌丰度表现出功能和结构差异，额叶和躯体感觉皮质也是如此，尤其是在炎症性肠病患者中。多项研究证实了微生物群与健康受试者以及患有胃肠道、肾脏和精神疾病患者的大脑功能之间的联系。
