Teoh-Chan C H, Chau P Y, Tse D, Sin W K, Ip H M, Lan R
J Hyg (Lond). 1977 Feb;78(1):113-9. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400055996.
Salmonella johannesburg (1, 40: b: e, n, x), a previously rare salmonella serotype, has established itself rapidly as an important and highly prevalent cause of gastroenteritis among children. The clinical features of the infection are usually mild but chronic. It has been suggested that S. johannesburg was introduced into Hong Kong through imported foods but no common vehicle could be traced as the source of infection. A thorough investigation of one paediatric ward in a general hospital revealed that non-infected patients admitted to the ward usually acquired S. johannesburg infection within 3-7 days, with or without symptoms. Thus hospital cross-infection could be a significant factor in contributing to its rapid spread in the community. Furthermore, the rapidity with which S. johannesburg spread was facilitated by (a) its tendency to produce a chronic infection, (b) its multiple resistance to antibiotics, and (c) the higher infectivity of S. johannesburg over other salmonellas endemic in this locality. These factors combined with the overcrowded conditions in many of the hospitals in Hong Kong facilitated the occurrence of hospital infection, which in its turn contributed to the spread of the infection in the local community.
约翰内斯堡沙门氏菌（1, 40: b: e, n, x），一种以前罕见的沙门氏菌血清型，已迅速成为儿童肠胃炎的重要且高度流行的病因。该感染的临床特征通常较轻但呈慢性。有人认为约翰内斯堡沙门氏菌是通过进口食品传入香港的，但未找到作为感染源的共同传播媒介。对一家综合医院的一个儿科病房进行的全面调查显示，入住该病房的未感染患者通常在3至7天内感染约翰内斯堡沙门氏菌，有无症状均可感染。因此，医院交叉感染可能是其在社区中迅速传播的一个重要因素。此外，约翰内斯堡沙门氏菌传播迅速的原因包括：（a）它倾向于引发慢性感染；（b）它对多种抗生素具有耐药性；（c）约翰内斯堡沙门氏菌比该地区其他地方性沙门氏菌的传染性更强。这些因素与香港许多医院人满为患的状况相结合，助长了医院感染的发生，进而导致了该感染在当地社区的传播。
