McCabe Carla B, Sanders Ross H, Psycharakis Stelios G
School of Sport, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, UK; Centre for Aquatics Research & Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Centre for Aquatics Research & Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Biomech. 2015 Nov 26;48(15):3995-4001. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.012. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the breathing action in front crawl (FC) sprint swimming affects the ipsilateral upper limb kinematics relative to a non-breathing stroke cycle (SC). Ten male competitive swimmers performed two 25m FC sprints: one breathing to their preferred side (Br) and one not breathing (NBr). Both swim trials were performed through a 6.75m(3) calibrated space and recorded by six gen-locked JVC KY32 CCD cameras. A paired t-test was used to assess statistical differences between the trials, with a confidence level of p<0.05 accepted as significant. Swimmers were slower (3%) when breathing. Within the entry phase, swimmers had a slower COM horizontal velocity (3.3%), less shoulder flexion (8%), abduction (33%) and roll (4%) when breathing. The pull phase was longer in duration (14%) swimmers had a shallower hand path (11%), less shoulder abduction (11%), a slower hand vertical acceleration (30%) and slower centre of mass (COM) horizontal velocity (3%) when breathing. In the push phase, swimmers had a smaller elbow range of motion (ROM) (38%), faster backwards hand speed (25%) and faster hand vertical acceleration (33%) when breathing. Swimmers rolled their shoulders more (12%) in the recovery phase when breathing. This study confirms that swim performance is compromised by the inclusion of taking a breath in sprint FC swimming. It was proposed that swimmers aim to orient their ipsilateral shoulder into a stronger position by stretching and rolling the shoulders more in the entry phase whilst preparing to take a breath. Swimmers should focus on lengthening the push phase by extending the elbow more and not accelerating the hand too quickly upwards when preparing to inhale.
本研究的目的是确定自由泳(FC)短距离游泳中的呼吸动作相对于无呼吸划水周期(SC)是否会影响同侧上肢的运动学。十名男性竞技游泳运动员进行了两次25米自由泳短距离冲刺:一次向其偏好侧呼吸(Br),一次不呼吸(NBr)。两次游泳试验均在一个6.75立方米的校准空间内进行,并由六个同步锁定的JVC KY32 CCD摄像机记录。采用配对t检验来评估两次试验之间的统计学差异,p<0.05的置信水平被认为具有显著性。游泳运动员在呼吸时速度较慢(3%)。在入水阶段,游泳运动员呼吸时的重心水平速度较慢(3.3%),肩部前屈(8%)、外展(33%)和滚动(4%)较少。划水阶段持续时间更长(14%),游泳运动员呼吸时的手部路径较浅(11%),肩部外展较少(11%),手部垂直加速度较慢(30%),重心水平速度较慢(3%)。在推水阶段,游泳运动员呼吸时的肘部活动范围(ROM)较小(38%),手部向后速度较快(25%),手部垂直加速度较快(33%)。游泳运动员在呼吸时的恢复阶段肩部滚动更多(12%)。本研究证实,在自由泳短距离游泳中吸气会损害游泳成绩。建议游泳运动员在准备呼吸时,在入水阶段通过更多地伸展和滚动肩部,将同侧肩部调整到更强的位置。游泳运动员在准备吸气时,应通过更多地伸展肘部来延长推水阶段,而不是让手部过快向上加速。