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自由泳短距离冲刺游泳中呼吸与非呼吸状态下上肢运动学差异

Upper limb kinematic differences between breathing and non-breathing conditions in front crawl sprint swimming.

作者信息

McCabe Carla B, Sanders Ross H, Psycharakis Stelios G

机构信息

School of Sport, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, UK; Centre for Aquatics Research & Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Centre for Aquatics Research & Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

出版信息

J Biomech. 2015 Nov 26;48(15):3995-4001. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.012. Epub 2015 Oct 3.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the breathing action in front crawl (FC) sprint swimming affects the ipsilateral upper limb kinematics relative to a non-breathing stroke cycle (SC). Ten male competitive swimmers performed two 25m FC sprints: one breathing to their preferred side (Br) and one not breathing (NBr). Both swim trials were performed through a 6.75m(3) calibrated space and recorded by six gen-locked JVC KY32 CCD cameras. A paired t-test was used to assess statistical differences between the trials, with a confidence level of p<0.05 accepted as significant. Swimmers were slower (3%) when breathing. Within the entry phase, swimmers had a slower COM horizontal velocity (3.3%), less shoulder flexion (8%), abduction (33%) and roll (4%) when breathing. The pull phase was longer in duration (14%) swimmers had a shallower hand path (11%), less shoulder abduction (11%), a slower hand vertical acceleration (30%) and slower centre of mass (COM) horizontal velocity (3%) when breathing. In the push phase, swimmers had a smaller elbow range of motion (ROM) (38%), faster backwards hand speed (25%) and faster hand vertical acceleration (33%) when breathing. Swimmers rolled their shoulders more (12%) in the recovery phase when breathing. This study confirms that swim performance is compromised by the inclusion of taking a breath in sprint FC swimming. It was proposed that swimmers aim to orient their ipsilateral shoulder into a stronger position by stretching and rolling the shoulders more in the entry phase whilst preparing to take a breath. Swimmers should focus on lengthening the push phase by extending the elbow more and not accelerating the hand too quickly upwards when preparing to inhale.

摘要

本研究的目的是确定自由泳(FC)短距离游泳中的呼吸动作相对于无呼吸划水周期(SC)是否会影响同侧上肢的运动学。十名男性竞技游泳运动员进行了两次25米自由泳短距离冲刺:一次向其偏好侧呼吸(Br),一次不呼吸(NBr)。两次游泳试验均在一个6.75立方米的校准空间内进行,并由六个同步锁定的JVC KY32 CCD摄像机记录。采用配对t检验来评估两次试验之间的统计学差异,p<0.05的置信水平被认为具有显著性。游泳运动员在呼吸时速度较慢(3%)。在入水阶段,游泳运动员呼吸时的重心水平速度较慢(3.3%),肩部前屈(8%)、外展(33%)和滚动(4%)较少。划水阶段持续时间更长(14%),游泳运动员呼吸时的手部路径较浅(11%),肩部外展较少(11%),手部垂直加速度较慢(30%),重心水平速度较慢(3%)。在推水阶段,游泳运动员呼吸时的肘部活动范围(ROM)较小(38%),手部向后速度较快(25%),手部垂直加速度较快(33%)。游泳运动员在呼吸时的恢复阶段肩部滚动更多(12%)。本研究证实,在自由泳短距离游泳中吸气会损害游泳成绩。建议游泳运动员在准备呼吸时,在入水阶段通过更多地伸展和滚动肩部,将同侧肩部调整到更强的位置。游泳运动员在准备吸气时,应通过更多地伸展肘部来延长推水阶段,而不是让手部过快向上加速。

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