Ferrari Marco, Zanasi Alessandro, Nardi Elena, Morselli Labate Antonio Maria, Ceriana Piero, Balestrino Antonella, Pisani Lara, Corcione Nadia, Nava Stefano
Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
BMC Pulm Med. 2015 Oct 12;15:120. doi: 10.1186/s12890-015-0106-z.
A few studies have assessed the short-term effects of low-dose nicotine e-cigarettes, while data about nicotine-free e-cigarettes (NF e-cigarettes) are scanty. Concerns have been expressed about the use of NF e-cigarettes, because of the high concentrations of propylene glycol and other compounds in the e-cigarette vapor.
This laboratory-based study was aimed to compare the effects of ad libitum use of a NF e-cigarette or and a traditional cigarette for 5 min in healthy adult smokers (n = 10) and non-smokers (n = 10). The main outcome measures were pulmonary function tests, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and fractional concentration of carbon monoxide (FeCO) in exhaled breath.
The traditional cigarette induced statistically significant increases in FeCO in both smokers and non-smokers, while no significant changes were observed in FeNO. In non-smokers, the traditional cigarette induced a significant decrease from baseline in FEF75 (81 % ± 35 % vs 70.2 % ± 28.2 %, P = 0.013), while in smokers significant decreases were observed in FEF25 (101.3 % ± 16.4 % vs 93.5 % ± 31.7 %, P = 0.037), FEV1 (102.2 % ± 9.5 % vs 98.3 % ± 10 %, P = 0.037) and PEF (109.5 % ± 14.6 % vs 99.2 % ± 17.5 %, P = 0.009). In contrast, the only statistically significant effects induced by the NF e-cigarette in smokers were reductions in FEV1 (102.2 % ± 9.5 % vs 99.5 ± 7.6 %, P = 0.041) and FEF25 (103.4 % ± 16.4 % vs 94.2 % ± 16.2 %, P = .014).
The present study demonstrated that the specific brand of NF e-cigarette utilized did not induce any majoracute effects. In contrast, several studies have shown that both traditional cigarettes and nicotine-containing e-cigarettes have acute effects on lung function. Our study expands on previous observations on the effects of NF e-cigarettes, but also for the first time describes the changes induced by smoking one traditional cigarette in a group of never smokers.
The short-term use of the specific brand of NF e-cigarette assessed in this study had no immediate adverse effects on non-smokers and only small effects on FEV1 and FEF25 in smokers. The long-term health effects of NF e-cigarette use are unknown but worthy of further investigations.
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02102191.
少数研究评估了低剂量尼古丁电子烟的短期影响，而关于无尼古丁电子烟（NF电子烟）的数据却很少。由于电子烟蒸汽中含有高浓度的丙二醇和其他化合物，人们对使用NF电子烟表示担忧。
这项基于实验室的研究旨在比较健康成年吸烟者（n = 10）和非吸烟者（n = 10）随意使用NF电子烟或传统香烟5分钟后的影响。主要观察指标为肺功能测试、呼出一氧化氮分数（FeNO）和呼出气体中一氧化碳分数（FeCO）。
传统香烟使吸烟者和非吸烟者的FeCO均出现统计学显著升高，而FeNO未观察到显著变化。在非吸烟者中，传统香烟使FEF75较基线显著降低（81% ± 35% 对 70.2% ± 28.2%，P = 0.013），而在吸烟者中，FEF25（101.3% ± 16.4% 对 93.5% ± 31.7%，P = 0.037）、FEV1（102.2% ± 9.5% 对 98.3% ± 10%，P = 0.037）和PEF（109.5% ± 14.6% 对 99.2% ± 17.5%，P = 0.009）均出现显著降低。相比之下，NF电子烟对吸烟者仅有的统计学显著影响是FEV1（102.2% ± 9.5% 对 99.5 ± 7.6%，P = 0.041）和FEF25（103.4% ± 16.4% 对 94.2% ± 16.2%，P = 0.014）降低。
本研究表明，所使用的特定品牌NF电子烟未引发任何重大急性影响。相比之下，多项研究表明传统香烟和含尼古丁电子烟均对肺功能有急性影响。我们的研究扩展了先前关于NF电子烟影响的观察结果，但也是首次描述了一组从不吸烟者吸一支传统香烟所引起的变化。
本研究中评估的特定品牌NF电子烟的短期使用对非吸烟者无即时不良影响，对吸烟者的FEV1和FEF25仅有微小影响。NF电子烟长期使用对健康的影响尚不清楚，但值得进一步研究。
Clinicaltrials.gov：NCT02102191。
