Heeger P S
Translational Transplant Research Center, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute and the Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Am J Transplant. 2015 Nov;15(11):2802-7. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13463. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
Research reports presented at the American Transplant Congress 2015 provided an array of basic science findings of relevance to the transplant community. Among key themes is the concept that ischemia-reperfusion injury and early posttransplantation inflammation is linked to adaptive alloimmunity and transplant injury. Molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to these interactions were highlighted. The relevance of understanding how blocking costimulation, including CD40/CD154 interactions, affects various aspects of the alloimmune response was enhanced by the description of preclinical studies demonstrating efficacy of a unique, blocking anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody that could potentially be used in humans. The identification of mechanisms underlying interactions among T cell subsets and B cells, including follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, effector B cells, and regulatory B cells, provides multiple previously unrecognized targets for future therapeutic interventions. Additional reports of interest include novel insights into effects of the gut microbiome on graft survival and the ability to differentiate insulin-secreting, islet-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Overall, the reported basic science findings from American Transplant Congress 2015 add to the fundamental understanding of innate and adaptive alloimmunity and provide novel and testable hypotheses that have the potential to be translated into improved clinical care of transplant patients.
在2015年美国移植大会上发表的研究报告提供了一系列与移植界相关的基础科学研究成果。其中的关键主题包括：缺血再灌注损伤和移植后早期炎症与适应性同种免疫及移植损伤相关的概念。对促成这些相互作用的分子和细胞机制也进行了重点阐述。临床前研究描述了一种独特的、具有阻断作用的抗CD40单克隆抗体的疗效，该抗体可能用于人类，这凸显了理解阻断共刺激（包括CD40/CD154相互作用）如何影响同种免疫反应各个方面的重要性。对T细胞亚群和B细胞（包括滤泡辅助性T细胞、调节性T细胞、效应B细胞和调节性B细胞）之间相互作用潜在机制的识别，为未来的治疗干预提供了多个此前未被认识到的靶点。其他有趣的报告包括对肠道微生物群对移植物存活影响的新见解，以及从诱导多能干细胞分化出胰岛素分泌胰岛样细胞的能力。总体而言，2015年美国移植大会报告的基础科学研究成果增进了对先天性和适应性同种免疫的基本理解，并提供了新的、可检验的假设，这些假设有可能转化为改善移植患者的临床护理。
