Cederlöf Martin, Pettersson Erik, Sariaslan Amir, Larsson Henrik, Östberg Per, Kelleher Ian, Långström Niklas, Gumpert Clara Hellner, Lundström Sebastian, Lichtenstein Paul
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016 Mar;171B(2):153-9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32386. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
Studies suggest associations between childhood autistic traits and adolescent psychotic experiences. However, recent research suggests that a general neuropsychiatric problems factor predicts adverse outcomes better than specific diagnostic entities. To examine if the alleged association between autistic traits and psychotic experiences could rather be explained by a general neuropsychiatric problems factor comprising symptoms of ADHD, tic disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and learning disorder, we conducted a prospective cohort study based on the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. In addition, we examined the genetic and environmental influences on the associations. A total of 9,282 twins with data on childhood autistic traits and other neuropsychiatric problems, and follow-up data on psychotic experiences at ages 15 and/or 18 years were included. First, psychotic experiences were regressed on autistic traits and second, the general neuropsychiatric problems factor was added to the model. Auditory hallucinations were analyzed separately from the other psychotic experiences. Finally, twin analyses were employed to disentangle genetic from environmental influences in the observed associations. Replicating prior research, significant associations were found between autistic traits in childhood and auditory hallucinations at ages 15 and 18. However, after controlling for the general neuropsychiatric problems factor, the associations between autistic traits and auditory hallucinations disappeared, whereas the association between the general neuropsychiatric problems factor and auditory hallucinations persisted after controlling for autistic traits. Twin analyses revealed that the association between the general neuropsychiatric problems factor and auditory hallucinations was driven by shared genetic influences. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
研究表明儿童期自闭症特质与青少年精神病性体验之间存在关联。然而，最近的研究表明，一个一般神经精神问题因素比特定的诊断实体更能预测不良后果。为了检验自闭症特质与精神病性体验之间所谓的关联是否更能由一个包含注意力缺陷多动障碍、抽动障碍、发育协调障碍和学习障碍症状的一般神经精神问题因素来解释，我们基于瑞典儿童和青少年双胞胎研究进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。此外，我们还研究了基因和环境对这些关联的影响。共有9282对双胞胎被纳入研究，他们有儿童期自闭症特质和其他神经精神问题的数据，以及15岁和/或18岁时精神病性体验的随访数据。首先，将精神病性体验对自闭症特质进行回归分析，其次，将一般神经精神问题因素加入模型。听觉幻觉与其他精神病性体验分开进行分析。最后，采用双胞胎分析来区分观察到的关联中基因和环境的影响。重复先前的研究，发现儿童期自闭症特质与15岁和18岁时的听觉幻觉之间存在显著关联。然而，在控制了一般神经精神问题因素后，自闭症特质与听觉幻觉之间的关联消失了，而在控制了自闭症特质后，一般神经精神问题因素与听觉幻觉之间的关联仍然存在。双胞胎分析表明，一般神经精神问题因素与听觉幻觉之间的关联是由共同的基因影响驱动的。© 2015威利期刊公司
