Barlow Peter W
School of Biological Sciences, Bristol Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
Protoplasma. 2016 Sep;253(5):1283-97. doi: 10.1007/s00709-015-0886-2. Epub 2015 Oct 10.
Concepts in biology feed into general theories of growth, development and evolution of organisms and how they interact with the living and non-living components of their environment. A well-founded concept clarifies unsolved problems and serves as a focus for further research. One such example of a constructive concept in the plant sciences is that of the quiescent centre (QC). In anatomical terms, the QC is an inert group of cells maintained within the apex of plant roots. However, the evidence that established the presence of a QC accumulated only gradually, making use of strands of different types of observations, notably from geometrical-analytical anatomy, radioisotope labelling and autoradiography. In their turn, these strands contributed to other concepts: those of the mitotic cell cycle and of tissue-related cell kinetics. Another important concept to which the QC contributed was that of tissue homeostasis. The general principle of this last-mentioned concept is expressed by the QC in relation to the recovery of root growth following a disturbance to cell proliferation; the resulting activation of the QC provides new cells which not only repair the root meristem but also re-establish a new QC.
生物学概念融入了生物体生长、发育和进化的一般理论,以及它们如何与环境中的生物和非生物成分相互作用。一个有充分依据的概念能澄清未解决的问题,并成为进一步研究的重点。植物科学中一个具有建设性的概念就是静止中心(QC)。从解剖学角度来看,静止中心是植物根尖内一群不活跃的细胞。然而,确立静止中心存在的证据是逐步积累起来的,利用了不同类型的观察线索,特别是来自几何分析解剖学、放射性同位素标记和放射自显影的线索。反过来,这些线索又促成了其他概念:有丝分裂细胞周期和组织相关细胞动力学的概念。静止中心所促成的另一个重要概念是组织稳态。静止中心就细胞增殖受干扰后根生长的恢复而言,体现了这最后一个概念的一般原则;由此导致的静止中心的激活提供了新的细胞,这些细胞不仅修复根分生组织,还重新建立一个新的静止中心。