Deffner Sebastian, Saxena Avadh
Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2015 Sep;92(3):032137. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032137. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
The quantum Jarzynski equality is an important theorem of modern quantum thermodynamics. We show that the Jarzynski equality readily generalizes to relativistic quantum mechanics described by the Dirac equation. After establishing the conceptual framework we solve a pedagogical, yet experimentally relevant, system analytically. As a main result we obtain the exact quantum work distributions for charged particles traveling through a time-dependent vector potential evolving under Schrödinger as well as under Dirac dynamics, and for which the Jarzynski equality is verified. Special emphasis is put on the conceptual and technical subtleties arising from relativistic quantum mechanics.
量子雅津斯基等式是现代量子热力学的一个重要定理。我们证明，雅津斯基等式很容易推广到由狄拉克方程描述的相对论量子力学。在建立概念框架之后，我们解析地求解了一个具有教学意义但与实验相关的系统。作为主要结果，我们得到了带电粒子在随时间变化的矢量势中运动时的精确量子功分布，该矢量势在薛定谔动力学以及狄拉克动力学下演化，并且验证了雅津斯基等式。特别强调了相对论量子力学中出现的概念和技术细节。
