Akram Umair, Ellis Jason G, Barclay Nicola L
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 14;10(10):e0138865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138865. eCollection 2015.
Individuals with insomnia often report aspects of perfectionism and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Investigation of these factors together has been limited. As such, the aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which the association between perfectionism and insomnia symptoms was mediated by anxiety and depression, concurrently and longitudinally.
Seventy-six members from the general-population participated at baseline. Data from 57 participants were subsequently analysed at twelve-month follow-up. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Perfectionism was assessed using two Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales (F-MPS; HF-MPS). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Correlational analysis examined longitudinal associations between perfectionism and insomnia symptoms. Hierarchical regression analysis examined whether significant associations remained after controlling for anxiety and depression.
Baseline insomnia symptoms were associated with future doubts about action. Further, this relationship was mediated by preceding symptoms of anxiety and concurrent symptoms of insomnia. Similarly, baseline insomnia symptoms were also associated with future parental criticism. However this relationship was partially mediated by preceding symptoms of anxiety, and was not mediated by concurrent insomnia symptoms.
Symptoms of insomnia appear to be related to an increase in negative perfectionistic thinking in the form of doubts about action and parental criticism, however these relationships appear to be mediated by symptoms of anxiety. Therefore, treatments for insomnia should address anxiety symptoms with the prospect of preventing the accentuation of aspects of perfectionism due to poor sleep.
失眠患者常报告有完美主义的某些方面以及焦虑和抑郁症状。对这些因素进行综合调查的研究有限。因此，本研究的目的是从同时性和纵向两个角度，考察焦虑和抑郁在多大程度上介导了完美主义与失眠症状之间的关联。
76名普通人群成员参与了基线调查。随后对57名参与者在12个月随访时的数据进行了分析。使用失眠严重程度指数（ISI）评估失眠症状。使用两个多维完美主义量表（F-MPS；HF-MPS）评估完美主义。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评估焦虑和抑郁症状。相关分析考察了完美主义与失眠症状之间的纵向关联。分层回归分析考察了在控制焦虑和抑郁后，显著关联是否仍然存在。
基线失眠症状与未来对行动的疑虑有关。此外，这种关系由先前的焦虑症状和同时出现的失眠症状介导。同样，基线失眠症状也与未来父母的批评有关。然而，这种关系部分由先前的焦虑症状介导，而非由同时出现的失眠症状介导。
失眠症状似乎与以对行动的疑虑和父母批评形式出现的消极完美主义思维增加有关，然而这些关系似乎由焦虑症状介导。因此，失眠治疗应解决焦虑症状，以期防止因睡眠不佳导致完美主义方面的加重。
